宾语从句
1、定义:宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句, 通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
2、连接词
(1)从属连词that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如: He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。 造句:1.他说他想呆在家里
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. 2. 我确定他能成功
I’m sure (that) he will succeed.
(2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如: 例句:I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。 造句:
他问我是否可以帮助他。
He asked me whether/if I could help him.
但在下列情况下只能用whether: ①在具有选择意义,与or not连用时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether如:
I don't know whether he does any washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。 造句:
我不知道他是否能来。
I don’t know whether he will come or not.(=I don’t know whether or not he will come)
②在介词之后用whether。如:
I'm interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。
造句:我担心是否伤了她的感情。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 造句:这取决于你是否能做好这项工作。 It depends on whether you can do the job well. ③在不定式前用whether。如:
I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
造句:他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man. ④whether置于句首时,不能换用if。如:
Whether this is true or not,I can't say.这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句并放在句首和表语从句和同位语从句时只能用whether。如: Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。
The question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。 I’ve no idea whether the meeting will be given. 造句: 1.是否要开会仍是一个问题。
Whether the meeting will be given is still a problem.
It remains a problem whether/if the meeting will be given. 2. 问题是是否要开会。
The problem is whether the meeting will be given. 3. 他还没有做出决定是否去那里。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.
(3)特殊疑问词 1)连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有: who,what,whoever, whatever,等。如:
Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗? The small children don't know what is in their stockings. 这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西? 2)连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有:whose, which,how many,how much等。如:
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。 The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老师问我们房间里有多少人。 3)连接词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语。常见的连接词有:who,whom,what等。如:
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗? 填空:
I really don’t know ___________ you should depend on if you don’t depend on your parents.
4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。如: Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪个班吗? 造句:她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。 She asked me if I knew whose pen it was. 5)连接副词where, when, how, why。 造句:你能告诉我学校在哪吗? Could you tell me where the school is? 造句:我不知道他为什么迟到了。 I don’t know why he is late
形式宾语:
当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时(如:think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等)
例句: They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese. He makes it a rule never to borrow money.
He makes it a rule that he will never borrow money. 造句:1.我发现学英语很难。
2. 我讨厌母亲让我吃鸡蛋时候。
I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.
3.时态
含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容: 1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。如:
I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。 2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如: ①The children didn't know who he was.孩子们不知道他是谁。
②He asked his father how it happened.他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。
3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。如:
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。
人教版高中英语必修三 unit3 grammar 宾语从句 学案设计 (无答案)
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