反冲洗控制就是根据滤池工作周期(或水头损失值)向系统发出反冲洗申请，系统在接受申请后通过PLC控制相关的滤池反冲洗设备动作，完成反冲洗过程。 关键词：滤池过滤；反冲洗；PLC。
[9] 张建煜，吴文红. 水厂滤池自动化系统的方案设计[J]. 电工技术,2006,(04)
摘要：介绍了水厂滤池自动化系统的设计和实现过程，包括自动化系统的改造背景、设
计原理、硬件设备、系统构成及运行管理等。 关键词：滤池反冲洗；PLC编程；组态软件；触摸屏。
[10] 孟庆涛，郑凤翼.例说识读PLC梯形图的方法与技巧[M].北京：电子工业出版
社,2010,05.
简介：本书以西门子S7-200系列PLC为例，从识图的角度出发，以常用的基本的PLC
梯形图为实例，详细的介绍以定时器、计数器、移位、循环移位、移位寄存器、循环和循环控制、跳转子程序指令为主线或以其他的组合为主线编写的PLC梯形图的识读方法与技巧，以帮助广大电气技术人员、电工人员提高识读PLC梯形图的能力。
[11] 咸庆信，类延法.PLC技术与应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2010,09.
简介：PLC入门，不能避开PLC端子的接线与供电、编程软件的基本操作这些基本内
容；讲解PLC不能忽略接近开关、旋转编码器、压力传感器等外围设备器件的配合应用；不能将文本显示屏、变频器、步进电机等摒弃PLC的“疆界”之外，结合起来才是它们的存在状态。
[13] Mihaela Frigura、Flaviu Mihai Frigura.Technical solutions concerning the updating of Resita’s waste water plant .ANUL XII, NR.1, 2005, ISSN 1453-7394.
Abstract: The updating of all equipment existing in waste water treatment plants is a major
priority for all Romanian public water suppliers (including those of Resita) which have to insure a low level of environmental pollution. In order to obtain a higher quality level for the resulting cleaned water and to insure the performances and the safety required by those strategic industrial objectives, new flexible and reliable command strategies have to be applied both to existing electric equipment already involved and new electric equipment which could be introduced in the future. This paper presents an original technical solution concerning that type of command used for all electrical equipment inside the plant (pumps, valves, etc.).
[14] Rob Mackenzie, MSAIEE, Phoenix Contact. The future of automation –profinet. February 2006.
Abstract: in 1990 Phoenix Contact decided to disclose the protocol specifications of Inter bus
and as such Inter-bus became the first manufacturer-independent field bus system.
丁家根：基于PLC水厂滤池自动控制系统的设计
安徽工程大学
本科毕业设计（论文）任务书 2012 届 电气工程 学院 自动化 专业 学生姓名： 丁家根 Ⅰ 毕业设计（论文）题目
中文：基于PLC的水厂滤池自动控制系统设计
英文：The Design of Filter Pool Automatic Control System in Waterworks based on PLC Ⅱ 原始资料
[1] 李展峰,邹振裕.水厂滤池自动反冲洗控制[J].电气应用, 2008,(08) .
[2] 邹振裕,罗永恒,李展峰.水厂滤池自动反冲洗控制的优化研究[J].工业水处理,
2011,(01)
[3] 汪晓平. PLC可编程控制器系统开发实例导航[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2004.07 [4] 王永华等.现代电气控制及PLC应用技术[M].北京：北京航天航空大学出版社，
2003.09
[5] 邹金慧.可编程控制器及其系统[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社，2002.11
[6] 孟庆涛，郑凤翼.例说识读PLC梯形图的方法与技巧[M].北京：电子工业出版社，
2010.05
[7] 咸庆信，类延法.PLC技术与应用：专业技能入门与精通[M].北京：机械工业出版社，
2010.09
[8] 张建煜, 吴文红. 水厂滤池自动化系统的方案设计[J]. 电工技术, 2006,(04).
[9] 张伟, 马龙华, 钱积新. PLC在自来水厂滤池控制中的应用[J].化工自动化及仪表,
2002,(01)
[10] 高钦和. 可编程控制器应用技术与设计实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004,(07). [11] Rob Mackenzie, MSAIEE, Phoenix Contact. The future of automation –profinet. February 2006.
[12] Mihaela Frigura、Flaviu Mihai Frigura.Technical solutions concerning the updating of
Resita’s waste water plant .ANUL XII, NR.1, 2005, ISSN 1453-7394.
[13] Chris du Toit, WSP Consulting Engineers .The design, documentation and maintenance
of PLC software May 2006.
Ⅲ 毕业设计（论文）任务内容 1、课题研究的意义
随着现代城市社会和经济的发展，城市用水量不断增加，供水量不足己成为城市发展的
瓶颈，而地下水资源的利用已近饱和，增加地表水供应量是解决供水不足问题的唯一可行途径。供水不仅要满足管网的需要、保证充足供水，还要求水质明显提高。因此对水厂关键工艺进行升级改造，以提高其水处理能力，增加出水量，是满足城市发展需要的有效途径。滤池是水厂常规处理净构筑物的最后一道工序，滤池运行的好坏直接影响到水厂的出水水质。本论文的研究目标是系统的解决供水企业的自动控制滤池反冲洗工艺复杂，如果仍然沿用人工方式，劳动强度大，工作效率低，安全性难以保障，为此必须进行滤池自动化系统的改造。
改革开放以来，我国人民的生活水平逐步提高，饮用水的质受到越来越多的关注，自来
XXXII
水厂的处理工艺要求也不断提高，与之相反的是水源水质却每况愈下，如何保证水厂出厂水质达标，水处理过程的每一个 环节都很重要。滤池是自来水厂处理工序中最为关键的环节之一，它运行质量的好坏可决定一个水厂生产质量的好与坏，并对全水厂的生产成 本、效能产生重大影响。滤池最大的特点是控制运行参数多，阀门位置分散，环境恶劣。因此为了做到安全可靠的生产，应采用自动控制系统。
2、本课题研究的主要内容：
滤池是水厂常规处理净水构筑物的最后一道工序，滤池运行得好坏直接影响到水厂的出
水水质。滤池反冲洗工艺复杂，如果仍然沿用人工方式，劳动强度大，工作效率低，安全性难以保障，为此必须进行滤池自动化系统的改造。通过使用PLC来控制该系统，可以缩短设计周期，并便于安装调试，对于水厂这样的不便于停产的生产单位来讲， 这一点是尤其重要的。它可在现场改变某些工艺参数和动作顺序，增加系统的功能，并取代传统的继电器控制，使设备运行更加平稳、可靠，提高了经济效益。
本设计主要涉及滤池控制以下几个方面内容：滤池基本工艺过程、滤池的控制策略、滤
池液位控制、反冲洗控制等。
3、提交的成果：
（1）毕业设计（论文）正文； （2）内附语句表以及梯形图；
（3）至少一篇引用的外文文献及其译文；
（4）附不少于10篇主要参考文献的题录及摘要。
指 导 教 师（签字） 教 研 室 主 任（签字） 批 准 日 期 2012年1月5日 接 受 任 务 书 日 期 2012年1月10日 完 成 日 期 2012年6月13日
接受任务书学生（签字）
请删除以下内容，O(∩_∩)O谢谢！！！An arbitrary title given to a funerary work from ancient Egypt called pert em hru, the translation of which is \light.\and Sais, differing only inasmuch as they were edited by the colleges of priests founded at these centers. Many papyri of the work have been discovered, and passages from it have been inscribed upon the walls of tombs and pyramids and on sarcophagi and mummy-wrappings. One very complete copy is on display at the Egyptian Museum in Turin, Italy. It is undoubtedly of extremely early date; exactly how early it would be difficult to say, but in the course of centuries it was greatly added to and modified. It contains about 200 chapters, but no complete papyrus has been found. The chapters are quite independent of one another, and were probably all composed at different times. The main subject is the beatification of the dead, who were supposed to recite the chapters in order that they might gain power and enjoy the privileges of the new life. The work abounds in magical references. The whole trend of the Book of the Dead is thaumaturgic, as its purpose is to guard the dead against the dangers they have to face in reaching the other world. As in most mythologies, the dead Egyptian had to encounter malignant spirits and was threatened by many dangers
丁家根：基于PLC水厂滤池自动控制系统的设计
before reaching his haven of rest. He also had to undergo judgment by Osiris, and to justify himself before being permitted to enter the realms of bliss. This he imagined he could in great part accomplish by the recitation of various magical formula and spells, which would ward off the evil influences opposed to him. To this end every important Egyptian of means had buried with him a papyrus of the Book of the Dead, containing at least all the chapters necessary for encountering the formidable adversaries at the gates of Amenti, the Egyptian Hades. These chapters would assist him in making replies during his ceremony of justification. First among these spells were the \power.\ascendancy over him. Sympathetic magic was in vogue in Egyptian burial practice, which explains the presence, in tombs of people of means, of paintings of tables laden with food and drink, with inscriptions attached conveying the idea of boundless liberality. Inscriptions like the following are extremely common—\geese, and 5,000 jugs of beer.\the objects named painted upon the wall of the tomb, imagining that their ka or astral counterpart would be eatable and drinkable by the deceased. This of course is merely an extension of the Neolithic conception that articles buried with a man had their astral counterparts and would be of use to him in another world. Pictorial representation played a considerable part in the magical ritual of the Book of the Dead. One of the pleasures of the dead was to sail over Heaven in the boat of Ra, and to secure this for the deceased one must paint certain pictures and mutter over them words of power. Regarding this belief, E. A. Wallis Budge states in his book Egyptian Magic (1889): \piece of clean papyrus a boat is to be drawn with ink made of green abut mixed with anti water, and in it are to be figures of Isis, Thoth, Shu, and Khepera, and the deceased; when this had been done the papyrus must be fastened to the breast of the deceased, care being taken that it does not actually touch his body. Then shall his spirit enter into the boat of Ra each day, and the god Thoth shall take heed to him, and he shall sail about with him into any place that he wisheth. Elsewhere it is ordered that the boat of Ra be painted 'in a pure place,' and in the bows is to be painted a figure of the deceased; but Ra was supposed to travel in one boat (called Atet) until noon, and another (called Sektet) until sunset, and provision had to be made for the deceased in both boats. How was this to be done? On one side of the picture of the boat a figure of the morning boat of Ra was to be drawn, and on the other a figure of the afternoon boat; thus the one picture was capable of becoming two boats. And, provided the proper offerings were made for the deceased on the birthday of Osiris, his soul would live for ever, and he would not die a second time. According to the rubric to the chapter in which these directions are given, the text of it is as old, at least, as the time of Hesept, the fifth king of the 1st. dynasty, who reigned about 4350 B.C. , and the custom of painting the boat upon papyrus is probably contemporaneous.\\every man to know it. Hide it, therefore, the Book of the Lady of the Hidden Temple is its name.\This would seem to refer to some spell uttered by Isis-Hathor that delivered the god Ra or Horus from trouble, or was of benefit to him, thus was concluded to be equally efficacious in the case of the deceased. Many spells were included in the Book of the Dead for the purpose of preserving the mummy against molding and for assisting the owner of the papyrus to become as a god and to be able to transform himself into any shape he desired. Painted offerings were also provided so the deceased would be able to give gifts to the gods. It is apparent that the Book of the Dead was undoubtedly magical in character, consisting as it did of a series of spells or words of power, which enabled the speaker to have perfect control over all the powers of Amenti. The only moment in which the dead man is not master of his fate is when his heart is weighed by Thoth before Osiris. If it does not conform to the standard required for justification, he is cast out; except for this, an absolute knowledge of the Book of the Dead safeguarded the deceased in every way from the danger of damnation. A number of the chapters consist of prayers and hymns to the gods, but the directions as to the magical uses of the book are equally numerous; the concept of supplication is mingled with the idea of circumvention by sorcery in the most extraordinary manner.There is a lso evidence of a higher proportion of perinatal complications (complications arising around the time of giving birth) among children with autistic symptoms. These complications include maternal bleeding after the first trimester and meconium in the amniotic fluid. (Meconium is a substance that accumulates in the bowel of the developing fetus and is discharged shortly after birth.) Some evidence suggests that the use of medications during pregnancy may be related to the development of autistic symptoms. As newborns, children with autistic behaviors show a higher rate of respiratory illness and anemia than healthy children. ALLERGIES, INFECTIONS, AND IMMUNIZATIONS. Some professionals believe that autistic disorders may be caused by allergies to particular fungi, viral infections, and various foods. No controlled studies have supported these beliefs, but some parents and professionals report improvement when allergens and/or certain foods are eliminated from the diet. Viral infections of the mother, such as rubella, or of the young child, such as encephalitis, mumps, and measles, occasionally appear to cause autistic disorders. The issue is not how hazardous boxing is but whether the hazards are acceptable. The term \early in childhood. All involve severe impairments in social interaction, communication, imaginative abilities, and rigid, repetitive behaviors. To be considered an autistic disorder, some of these impairments must be manifest before the age of three. The reference book used by mental health professionals to diagnose mental disorders is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , also known as the DSM. The 2000 edition of this reference book (the Fourth Edition Text Revision known as DSM-IV-TR ) places autism in a category called pervasive developmental disorders . All of these disorders are characterized by ongoing problems with mutual social interaction and communication, or the presence of strange, repetitive behaviors,interests, and activities. People diagnosed with these disorders are affected in many ways for their entire lives. Description Each child diagnosed with an autistic disorder differs from every other, and so general descriptions of autistic behavior and characteristics do not apply equally to every child. Still, the common impairments in social interaction, communication and imagination, and rigid, repetitive - 34 -
behaviors make it possible to recognize children with these disorders, as they differ markedly from healthy children in many ways. Many parents of autistic children sense that something is not quite right even when their children are infants. The infants may have feeding problems, dislike being changed or bathed, or fuss over any change in routine. They may hold their bodies rigid, making it difficult for parents to cuddle them. Or, they may fail to anticipate being lifted, lying passively while the parent reaches for them, rather than holding their arms up in return. Most parents of autistic children become aware of the strangeness of these and other behaviors only gradually. Imagine too the state of even the winner's hands, protected only by having been soaked in brine. With their combination of boxing and wrestling moves, early contests were literally ‘no holds barred’; grappling, punching, tripping, and throwing all being used to floor an opponent. The widely-adopted Broughton's Rules of 1743 eradicated some of the barbarism by outlawing the hitting of a man when he was down, and the seizing of hair or the body below the waist, but they still permitted butting. Yet it was not the brutality of the prize-ring which brought its demise, but the corruption with which it became associated. The revival of the sport as boxing in late Victorian Britain saw several changes designed to render it more civilized. Although some of the old practices continued for a while — even the famous Queensbury Rules initially allowed endurance contests — by the turn of the century the general picture was one of boxing in gloves, limited-time rounds, points decisions after a fixed number of rounds had elapsed, and weight divisions, though the latter have accentuated problems of dehydration as fighters struggle to ‘make the weight’. For much of the twentieth century the history of boxing has been one of crumbling resistance to changes intended to protect further the brains and bodies of participants. Between 1984 and 1993 eight boxers had died soon after fights in the UK; bantamweight Bradley Stone was added to the list in 1994. Following a report from a medical working party, which included neurosurgeons, the British Boxing Board of Control subsequently introduced mandatory annual magnetic resonance imaging scans for all boxers to replace the less sophisticated computerized tomography which had been compulsory only for those fighting eight rounds or more. Additionally, any boxer knocked out must wait 45 days (previously 28) before he again enters the ring competitively, and he must also have a hospital check. Ringside doctors may advise referees on a fighter's condition between rounds and may recommend that the contest be stopped. Doctors also examine each boxer at the conclusion of fights and paramedic teams must be on hand at all boxing bills. The medical profession in several countries has increasingly adopted an anti-boxing stance, citing irreversible brain damage as its major objection to the sport. This is a key point for, in absolute terms of deaths and serious injuries, other sports such as horseracing, mountaineering, However, headguards, whilst absorbing energy from punches, present an even larger target to be hit and thus the number of blows striking home may well increase. Indeed, studies have shown that non-boxing sportsmen outperform even amateur fighters in neurological tests and, notwithstanding the safety precautions, three amateur fighters have suffered serious brain injury in British rings since 1988. For centuries boxing has been the epitome of overt masculinity, a demonstration of manliness and its embodying characteristics of courage, toleration of pain, and self-discipline. Women were merely ornaments displaying the round cards. This continues, but women have successfully demanded equal rights in the ring. In Britain, girls from the age of 10 are now allowed to spar in amateur boxing gyms, and recently professionalism, too, has been recognized for women — significantly later than its acceptance in the US where fights for women have appeared on the undercard of world championship events. The moral dilemma of boxing is that it provides an honest opportunity to escape poverty, but it also means for some a legal beating and for all the threat of permanent damage. Hitting below the belt is outlawed to protect the genitals, but surely the brain deserves even more protection, by reducing the concussive power of the boxing glove, developing safer headgear, excluding the head as a target — or by banning the sport altogether. Impairments in social interaction are usually among the earliest symptoms to develop. The most common social impairment is a kind of indifference to other people, or aloofness, even towards parents and close care-givers. The baby may fail to respond to his or her name being called and may show very little facial expression unless extremely angry, upset, or happy. Babies with autism may resist being touched, and appear to be lost in their own world, far from human interaction. Between seven and 10 months of age, most infants often resist being separated from a parent or well-known caregiver, but these infants may show no disturbance when picked up by a stranger. Other children with autism may be very passive, although less resistant to efforts by others to interact. However, they do not initiate social interaction themselves. Still others may attempt to engage with adults and peers, but in ways that strike others as inappropriate, or odd. In adolescence and adulthood, some of the higher-functioning individuals with autistic disorders may appear overly formal and polite. They may react with little spontaneity, as if social interaction doesn't come naturally or easily to them, and so they are trying to follow a pre-determined set of rules.
基于plc的水厂滤池自动控制系统设计本科毕业论文
