成人高等教育学士学位英语考试复习要点
一、考试题型:
词汇与语法、完形填空、阅读、翻译、写作
二、语法结构表(Grammar Category)
1、名词的复数形式和所有格
(1)名词的复数形式
名词的规则复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es;
名词的不规则复数形式不是以词尾加-s或-es构成,其构成方法需要记忆:
e.g. foot-feet man-men tooth-teeth woman-women
(2)名词的所有格
名词的属格表示所属关系,它有两种不同的形式:一是由名词末尾加’s构成(有-s或-es的复数名词末尾只加’);二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多用来表示有生命的东西;后者多用来表示无生命的东西。如:
e.g. Uncle Tom’s Cabin the two boys’ mother the title of the book
·几个词作为一个单位时,’s应加在最后一个词的末尾
e.g. the Queen of England’s throne
·表示各自的所有关系时,名词末尾均需加’s,如不是这样,仅在最后一词末尾加’s,即表示他们共同的所有关系。
试比较:
John and Susan’s desk(约翰和苏珊共用的书桌)
John’s and Susan’s desk(约翰和苏珊各自的书桌)
·’s属格后的名词如指商店、家宅等地点时,该名词也常省略:
e.g. at the doctor’s(在诊所) to my uncle’s(到我叔叔家)
2、人称代词/物主代词/反身代词
(1)人称代词
主格:I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
宾格:me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
(2)物主代词
形容词性物主代词:my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
名词性物主代词:mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs
(3)反身代词(指一个动作回射到该动作执行者本身,表强调或加强语气)
myself, yourself, himself, herself. Itself, ourselves; yourselves, themselves, oneself
e.g. Please help yourself to some tea.
I want to speak to the director himself.
3、句子和句子成分
Sentence是具有主语部分和谓语部分并有完整意义的可以独立的一组词。在英语中,sentence的基本结构有下列6种:
(1)主语+谓语(SV) e.g. Day dawns.
(2)主语+联系动词+表语(SLP) e.g. Tom’s father is a professor.
(3)主语+谓语+宾语(SVO) e.g. Ruth understands French.
(4)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO) e.g. He told us the whole story.
(5)主语+谓语+主语补语(SVC) e.g. He died a poor man.
(6)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语(SVOC) e.g. He found George intelligent.
根据句子的结构,句子可分为:
·简单句:含一个主语(或并列主语)和谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。e.g. She came into the classroom and sat down.
·并列句:由等立连词把两个或两个以上的简单句(叫做分句)合成的句子。e.g. I came home early, but she remained to the end of the concert.
·复合句:由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句合成的句子。 e.g. He said he would come in the evening.(各类从句)
根据句子的目的或用途来看,句子又可分为:
陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句
4、动词的时态
(1)一般现在时
基本用法:表经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态,常和always, often, usually, sometimes, every day 等表时间的状语连用。
e.g. I go to school every day.
My father gets up very early.
Note: 一般现在时用于表将来的从句
e.g. When I grow up I’ll be a soldier.
I’ll wait till he comes.
(2)一般过去时
基本用法:表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表过去的状语连用,如a minute ago, yesterday, last week, in 1900, during the night, in those days等。
e.g. They got married last year.
It happened after three days.
(3)一般将来时
基本用法:表示单纯的将来事实,常用两个助动词shall, will, 常和表将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow, next week, next month, next year, in a few days等。
e.g. He’ll come next week.
They say that it will be good weather tomorrow.
I’ll ask him as soon as he comes.
(4)现在完成时
动作发生在过去,但对现在有影响(或结果),而这种影响(或结果)却往往是说话人的兴趣所在,所以后面常常不用时间状语。
e.g. The car has arrived.
I have lost my pen.
Have you ever seen the sea?
Notes: 比较have been和have gone
I have been to the library. I have gone to the library.
·表持续的动作或状态时,常和since, for引导的词语连用。
e.g. I have lived here for more than thirty years.
I have been here since last October.
成人高等教育学士学位英语考试复习要点
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