译：这三种形式保留着音乐和文化方面的特色，甚至直到1965年，这三种音乐没有一种表达出任何激进的新的意识形态。
句子分析：主语：The three forms；谓语（系动词）：remained；表语：
distinct. musically and culturally是副词修饰distinct。as late as 1965时间状语，none没有一个；new states of consciousness新的意识状态。Radically修饰new. 3. What happened, as well as it can be put into words, was this. (p2) 译：所发生的情况，如果用语言尽可能表达出来是这样的。
句子分析：主语：What happened，主语从句；was this系表结构；as well as在本句中应理解为：as?as，像。。一样好。put inyo words: 用文字表达
4. They freely took over elements from jazz, from American country music, and as time went on from even more diverse sources. (p2)
译：他们自由地吸取爵士乐、美国乡村音乐的成分，随着时间的推移甚至从更多的来源中吸取营养。 句子分析：本句核心形式：take over sth from sth从?中吸取?；as time went on意思是：随着时间的推移，如：
as time goes on, our vocabulary is enlarging gradually. Diverse: a 不同的，各种各样的，相当于various.如： New York is a very culturally diverse city.
5. What developed was a music readily taking on various forms and capable of an almost limitless range of expression. (p2)
译：音乐的很快发展成为具有多种形式并且几乎具有无限的表现力。
句子分析：主语：What developed，后面是一个系表结构，
readily taking on various forms and capable of an almost limitless range of expression分别是现在分词短语和形容词短语做定语，修饰music.另外：take on意思：具有；be capable of doing sth有能力做某事。
6. Electronics did, in fact, make possible sounds that no instrument up to that time could produce. (p3)
译：事实上，电子学的确可以制作出到那时为止乐器所发不出的声音。
句子分析：did make是谓语的强调结构，possible是宾补，提到宾语sounds以及定语从句之前是国考的重要考点，目的是为了避免结构的头重脚轻现象。（在下一句话中我们还会见到相同用
法。） 7. Electronic amplifiers also made possible a fantastic increase in volume, the music becoming as loud and penetrating as the human ear could stand, and thereby achieving a total effect, so that instead of an audience of passive listeners, there were now audiences of total participants, feeling the music in all of their senses and all of their bones. (p3)
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译：电子扬声器也使得在音量方面能够有意想不到的提高，音乐在人类耳朵所能承受范围内变得响亮，具有穿透力，由此表达了一种完美的效果，所以听众已不是被动的听众，现在的听众是完全投入的听众，他们在全身心感受着音乐。 句子分析：本句话非常复杂，可分为四个层次：第一层次是主句：
Electronic amplifiers also made possible a fantastic increase in volume；第二层次从the music becoming直至句尾是现在分词的独立主格结构，做伴随状语。第三层次：so that引导的结果状语从句；第四层次从feeling到句尾为现在分词短语，又是分词做伴随状语。
8. With records at home, listeners imitated these lighting effects as best as they could, and heightened the whole experience by using drugs. (p4)
译：家里有了唱片，听众尽力模仿舞厅灯光效果并通过使用药物以加强整体感受。 句子分析：With records at home方式状语；imitated和heightened两个并列谓语动词；as best as one could尽力做某事,
如： I sear I will teach him a lesson as best as I could. 自考英语二复习资料第八章 Key words and phrases
1. efficiency : n 效率，其他同根词：efficient: a 高效率的；inefficient: a 效率低的；inefficiency : n; effective: a 有效果的
1). He has done much to increase the ____ of English teaching. 2). She is very _____ in reducing waste. 3). His ____ study method caused his failure.
4). The city government took some _____ measures to reduce unemployment. Answers: efficiency, efficient; inefficient, effective 2. increasingly: ad不断增加地， 由此可以联想到：
increase：v 增加; increasing: a 不断增加的; decrease: v减少；
1). Drinking and smoking among young people _____ to an alarming extent. 2). The truth is becoming ______ apparent.
3). The ____ friendly relations between the two countries strengthen the cultural exchanges between them.
3. prevalent: a 流行的，普通的 = popular
4. calculator : n 计算者，计算器，calculate: v 计算；calculation : n 计算; calculating: a 诡计多端的
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5. expose: v 使暴露，揭露，揭发，exposure: n; expose sb to sth让某人接触。。。 6. completion: n 完成、结束，由此可以联想到：
complete: v完成，a 完整的，completeness: n 完整；incomplete: a 不完整
的 1). He ____ denied the existence of god. 2). He has never ____ a project on time.
3). Money will be paid half in advance and half on _______.
4). When will the new railway ________? 7). intensity : n 强烈、剧烈，由此可以联想到：
intense = strong: a 强烈的, intensive: a 密集的，加强的；intensify: v 加强；intension: n 强烈、紧张。
1). We should ____ the struggle for peace.
2). There are few strong situations or moments of dramatic ______. 3). They have been receiving a four-day ____ training course. 4). They kept working in the ____ heat. Answers: intensify, intensity, intensive, intense 8. defective : a 有缺点的，defect: n 缺点 9. assemble: v 集合、装配； assembly: n 装配 10. expose sth/sb to sth:暴露，面临、遭受
1). People often expose their skin to the sun in summer. 2). I won't expose my soldiers to such unnecessary risks. 11. in that: 在于，因为
1). I like the country better in that it is closer to nature. 12. in question: 正被谈论的，正被考虑的(通常放在被修饰名词后
面) We know nothing about the plan in question. Analyze the difficult sentences
1. Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry, where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. (p2) 翻译：今天大多数机器人用于汽车工业，它们按照编好的程序接任了汽车和卡车车身的焊接和喷漆这一类的工作。
分析：该句的考点是where引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰
in the automotive industry。另外请注意几个词的用法：employ: v 雇佣，使用，相当于use; program: v 编写程序；take over: 接管、接收、接任，如：
Do you want me to take over the driving if you are tired? such...as例如，welding and spray painting是动名词，做宾语。
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2. Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, are beginning to be seen , although to a lesser degree, in other industries as well. (p3)
翻译：除了在汽车生产领域替代人工劳动外，机器人也开始在别的工业部门应用，虽然应用程度低一些。
分析：该句考点如下：already taking over human tasks in the automotive field是现在分词短语做定语；to be seen不定式的被动概念；although to a lesser degree让步状语，to a lesser degree是表示：在更小的程度上，反义词：to a larger degree. 3. The robots used in nuclear pants handle the radioactive materials, preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation. (p3)
翻译：核电站里使用机器人处理辐射材料，避免人员接触放射性物质。 分析：主语：The robots；谓语：handle；宾语：the radioactive materials；used in nuclear pants handle the radioactive materials是过去分词短语做定语；preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation是现在分词短语做伴随状语。being exposed to动名词被动语态；prevent sb from doing 阻止某人做某事。 4. Robots differ form automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one. (p4)
翻译：机器人与自动化装置的区别在于它们完成一项特定任务后可以由计算机重新编程去执行另一项任务。
分析：该句重要考点：in that,相当于because, 所引导从句表原因。如：
Men are different from other animals in that the former can create and use tools while the latter cannot.
5. It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. (p5)
翻译：人们不知道是否有一天机器人能具有像人类一样好的视觉。
分析：该句的主语是whether引导的主语从句。（有关知识请见课后补充语法。），it 是形式主语；as good as human vision是后置定语修饰vision;
6. Engineers working on other advances are designing and experimenting with new types of metal hands and fingers, giving robots a sense of touch. (p6)
翻译：在其他方面努力取得进展的工程人员正在设计和实验新的金属手臂和手指，使机器人具有触觉。
分析：请注意该句中几个-ing的区别：working on other advances是非谓语动词中的现在分词；are designing and experimenting是谓语动词的进行时态；
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giving robots a sense of touch是非谓语动词的现在分词做结果状语。词组：experiment with sth实验。。。
7. These future robots, assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions, will have plenty of work to do. (p7)
翻译：未来具有触觉、视觉并能决策的机器人将可以做很多工作。 分析：主语：These future robots；谓语：will have；宾语：
plenty of work to do。 assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions是过去分词短语做定语，修饰主语，其中动词不定式to see and make decisions是另外一个定语，修饰the ability. 词组：
be assembled with sth = be equipped wth sth装备有。。。；a sense of touch触觉，同样的短语还有：a sense of sight/hearing/smell/taste:视觉，听觉，嗅觉，味觉；a sense of humor/direction:幽默感/方向感。make decisions做出决定；plenty of sth充足的，足够的
8. Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. (p7)
翻译：任何希望了解未来工业的人必须懂机器人。 分析：这句话是国考题目中常考的。考点：
wanting to understand the industry of the future，是现在分词短语做定语，修饰anyone. 词组：know about sth了解。。。，懂得。。。。 自考英语二复习资料第十章 补充语法知识：名词性从句
名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。 一．主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：
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自考英语二重点讲解复习资料
