初三英语 个性化辅导
宾语从句
【第一部分】知识点分布
1、宾语从句中的连接词、语序和时态（重点&考点）
2、不能省略that的情况、if和whether的用法区别（难点&考点） 3、宾语从句的简化（难点）
【第二部分】宾语从句详解
一、宾语从句概述
1、概念：在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。
作动词的宾语:
I heard that he would come here later on.
主语 谓语动词 一个句子作宾语 作介词的宾语:
He said nothing about who broke the window last night.
主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 一个句子作介词的宾语 2、宾语从句的三要素：连接词、语序和时态 二、宾语从句中的连接词 1、从属连词：that ,whether, if
（1）由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。Eg： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. 不能省略that 的情况：
A. 当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。
I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better．
We must not lie down,and cry,God help us - 1 - 我们不能坐以待毙，等待上帝的救助
B. 当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。
Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
C. 当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。 I can’t tell him that his book is missing D、当it作形式宾语时
例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him． E、当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win，I believe．
F、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时; （2）由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。 Eg: I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 但在下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if：
A. 在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if…or not 也可以使用）。如：
Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）I don't
B. 在介词之后用whether。如：
I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。
C. 在不定式前用whether。如：
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
We must not lie down,and cry,God help us - 2 - 我们不能坐以待毙，等待上帝的救助
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
D. whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：
Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。 E. 引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：
Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能来还是个问题。 F. 若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：
Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为：
If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我 只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
A. if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”。 eg: The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny. B. if引导否定概念的宾语从句时。eg: He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
C. 引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时。 Eg: He talks as if he has known all about it. 2、连接代词和连接副词
（1）常见的连接代词和连接副词有：who, whose, what ,which,when ,where, how, why （2）这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 Eg: Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
We must not lie down,and cry,God help us - 3 - 我们不能坐以待毙，等待上帝的救助
I don’t know why the train is late. 三、宾语从句中的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。 I don’t know what they are looking for. Could you tell me when the train will leave?
练习题
(1) Did you find out ______?
A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking for C. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for (2) Are you interested in _____?
A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it (3) I don’t know _____. Can you tell me?
A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are (4) --- What did the scientist say?
--- He said he wondered if _____ into space by spaceship one day. A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly (5) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me ____?
A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bank C. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where （6）She asked Tom ________ with his car? A. what the matter was B. what the matter is C. what was the matter D. what is the matter 四、宾语从句中的时态
（1）主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。 Eg ：The headmaster hopes everything goes well. （2）主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。 Eg:She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
（3）当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一
We must not lie down,and cry,God help us - 4 - 我们不能坐以待毙，等待上帝的救助
般现在时态。
Eg:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound. 练习：
(1) It’s 7:30. I can’t believe you___ cooking dinner yet, Sally. A. haven’t started B. didn’t C. don’t start D. hadn’t started
(2) The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ____ Christmas Day. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
(3) The teacher said that the earth _______round the sun. A. goes B. go C. went D. will go
(4) We ’d like to tell you that you ______the exam. A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass
(5) “Could you tell me______?” “Yes. They ____ to the library.” A. where are the twins, have been B. where were the twins, have been C. where the twins are, have gone D, where the twins were, have gone (6) Our father said that he ______ a new computer next week. A. will buy B. have bought C. would buy D. buys (7) I hear that he ______ to Beijing yesterday. A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone 五、宾语从句的简化
同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面是几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：
方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如： Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.
方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window. 注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间
We must not lie down,and cry,God help us - 5 - 我们不能坐以待毙，等待上帝的救助
中考英语宾语从句讲义完善版
