power of people. 纳粹想摧毁人民的希望,最终是纳粹的梦想被人民的力量所摧毁。 ruin多用于借喻之中,有时泛指一般性的破坏,指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。如: My new coat is ruined.我的外套不能再穿了。 The rain will ruin the crops.这雨会把庄稼毁掉的。 I was ruined by that law case; I'm a ruined man
54、dependent, independent dependent依赖的,依靠的(on, upon)。如:Success is dependent on your hard work. Independent 不依靠的,独立的(of)。如:John was independent of his parents when he was still a child.
55、discover, invent
discover发现。如:A coal mine has been discovered in that area.
invent发明,创造。如:A kind of toothbrush has been invented to relieve toothache.
56、doubt/suspect
doubt意为怀疑某事是不可能或不真实的,肯定句中常跟whether或if引出的宾语从句,否定句和疑问句常跟that引出的宾语从句。翻译成“不相信”比较恰当。而suspect意为怀疑或认为某件事是真的。常跟that引起的宾语从句。翻译成“猜想…是真的”比较恰当。试比较: I doubt whether he is a genius. 我看他未必是个天才。 Do you doubt that he is a genius 你怀疑他是个天才吗 I suspect that he is a genius. 我猜想他是个天才。
57、effective, efficient
均可表示“有效的”。
effective常用以指物,强调能产生某种预期的效果。如:effective medicine, effective method等。 efficient“效率高的”,“有能力的”,用以指人或物,着重有效地利用时间、精力并取得预期效果。如:The German telephone system is highly efficient. (德国的电话系统效率很高。)
58、economic, economical
economic经济(学)的。如:the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉图的经济学说) economical节约的,节俭的。如:He is economical of money and time.
59、 electric, electrical, electronic
三词都与电有关
electric着重于发电的,电动的或导电的。如:electric generator(发电机);electric light(电灯) electrical多指本身不产生电,但是与电有关的。如:electrical engineering(电机工程);an electrical transcription(广播唱片) electronic 电子的,电子操作的。如:electronic engineering(电子工程学) 60、emergence, emergency
emergence是emerge的名词形式。
Emergency意为“紧急情况”,“突然事件”。
61、everyday, every day
everyday每日的,日常的(作定语)。如:This morning exercise has become my everyday routine.
every day每天(作状语)。如:She gets up early every day. 62、 endure, bear, stand, tolerate, withstand
都表忍受,忍耐。
bear忍受,容忍,指忍受使人悲痛、烦恼或痛苦的事情。如:It is hard to bear to be laughed at.(被人取笑是难以忍受的。)
endure忍耐,书面语,指长时间经受痛苦而不屈服。如:It takes patience to endure hardships. 忍受苦难需要耐力。)
stand忍受,与bear同义,但较口语化。如:She can’t stand having nothing to do.(没事干,她受不了。)
tolerate容忍,容许,指自我克制的态度,对于令人反感的事没有任何抗议。如:I can’t tolerate him if he goes on like that. (他如果继续这样下去的话,我决不会容忍他。)
withstand经受,承受,指顶住外来的压力和攻势。如:They have withstood all test.(他们经受了一切考验。)
63、error, mistake, fault, shortcoming 均表“缺点”,“错误”。
error是通用词,指任何错误,“犯错误”可以说commit /make an error。
mistake指判断或理解方面,或指因考虑不周而造成的错误,搭配是make a mistake。
fault表示“过失”,可与error通用,现多用来指缺点,特指缺乏某要素因而不完美。如:There is a fault in this machine.(这台机器有一处毛病。)构成短语 find fault with挑剔,找毛病。
shortcoming 缺点,可指人或事物的本质上不足之处(常用复数)。如:In spite of his shortcomings, I still
like him.(尽管他缺点多,我仍然喜欢他。)
64、especially, particularly, specially
均可表“特别地”。
71、home, house
especially一般表示某事物在意义、程度、重要性性超过其他事物。如:I love Italy, especially in summer.(我喜欢意大利,尤其在夏天。)
particularly往往着重说明与同类事物不同的个别事物。如:The visitors admired his paintings, but home家。如:East or west, home is best.
House房子,住宅。如:Our new house is quite near the station. 72、equal, equivalent, identical, same
particularly the portrait of his daughter.(来访者赞赏他所有的绘画,特别是他女儿的画像。)
specially 多表示“专门地”,“为特别目的的地”,如表“不寻常”,“过分”等,可与especially通用。如:I made chocolate cake specially for you.(我特地为你做了巧克力蛋糕。) 65、fast, quickly
fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点,quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly 66、fit/suit 两者都是及物动词,表示“适合”。他们的区别在于,前者指的是尺寸大小的适合;而后者表示的是样式、风格、程度的适合。例如:
This straw hat does not fit me; it’s too big. Her blue coat suits her fair skin.
67、formally, formerly
formally正式地。如:We were required to dress formally for the party. formerly从前。如:Formerly he worked in a factory, but now he is a teacher. 68、gaze, stare, glance, glimpse
都与“看”有关。
gaze“凝视”,强调由于惊奇、兴趣,目不转睛地注视。 Stare强调由于好奇、害怕或无意地睁大眼睛盯着看看。 glare“怒视”,是凶狠地含有威胁地盯着看。
glimpse“一瞥”,是短暂而急促地看,含有意地匆匆地看一眼,现多用作名词。 [注意]一般表示“看”的单词大多同at搭配构成短,但glimpse却有catch (have) a glimpse of这一搭配。
69、hanged, hung
hang, hanged, hanged吊死。如:He hanged himself when he failed. Hang, hung, hung悬挂。如:His pictures were hung in the museum. 70、hard, hardly
hard努力地。如:Take it easy. You’ve been working too hard.
hardly几乎不,简直不。如:The children can hardly wait to hear the news 皆含相同,相等之意。
equal相同的,相等的,特指“数量,价值等”相同。如:Their ages are equal.
equivalent相等的,特指“价值,效力,意义”等相同的。如:This sentence is equivalent to that. identical相同的,相等的,侧重于某一细节上完全相同。如:She wore the identical dress on both occasions.
identical相同的,相等的,侧重于某一细节上完全相同。如:She wore the identical dress on both occasion.(她在两种场合穿同样的衣服。)
same相同的,表示在质量、类型、外表或意义上相同,而实际上有差异。如:He is of about the same age as you.
73、for a moment, for the moment
for a moment 片刻,一会儿,for the moment暂时,一时 Thinking for a moment, he agreed.
74、imaginable, imaginary, imaginative 都是与想象有关的形容词。 imaginable可以想象得到的。如:This is the only solution imaginable.(这是惟一想得出的解决办法。)
imaginary假想的,虚构的。如:an imaginary character in a story(故事里的虚构人物)
imaginative富于想象力力的。如:an imaginative artist(想像力丰定的艺术家) 75、in the way; in a way; in no way; on the way
in the way 意为“挡道;妨碍(某人)”。如:
Tell the boy not to stand in the way.叫那个男孩别挡道碍事。
in a way 意为“用某种方法(做某事)”。名词way前面常有形容词或this/that修饰。如: He worked out the problem in a simple way.他用简单的方法算出了这道题。 In this way over several days the artist and his mouse became good friends. 就这样一连过了好几天,艺术家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。
注意:如果in a way单独使用,way前不加任何修饰语,意为“在某种程度上;在某些方面(某
一点上)”。如: The article is well written in a way.从某种程度上来说,这篇文章写得不错。 in no way 意为“决不;一点也不”,常用来加强语气。如: They are in no way similar to each other.他们毫无相似之处。
on the way 意为“在途中”,其后常接to,表示“在去某地或做某事的路上”。如:
He lost his ticket on the way to the cinema.他在去电影院的路上把票弄丢了。
lie (vi.躺,说谎)和lay (放置)两者无论在意义上还是在词性上都有很大的差别。值得注意的是他们常常由于过去式、过去分词和现在分词形式的异同而引起误用。试比较: 原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 lie(躺) lay lain lying
lie(说谎) lied, lied lying
76、indifferent, different 注意自己的外表。)
different跟……不一样,同from搭配。如:This book is different from that one.(这本书跟那本不一样。)indifferent冷漠的,不关心的,同to搭配。如:He was indifferent to his personal appearance.(他从前不
77、industrial, industrious
industrial工业的,产业的。如:Italy is becoming an industrial nation.(意大利逐步成为工业国。) industrious勤劳的,勤奋的。如:He is an industrious student.(他是个用功的学生。) 78、influence, effect
都有“影响”之意。
influence可作动词、名词,指对某人的思想行为、性格等产生影响。如:She was influenced by her middle school teachers.(她受中学时的老师影响。)
effect用作动词意为“造成”,“产生”,用作名词强调由于影响而产生特殊效果。如:The effects of the
medicine are very good.(药效很好。) 79、last, latest, final, ultimate
last最后的,与first相对,还可指“上一次的”。如:My seat is in the last row.
latest最近的,指时间上。如:the latest news(最新消息)
final最后的,指在一系列的事物中是最后的,而且是结论性的,决定性的。如:The judgment has become final.(这已是最后的判断。)
ultimate 最终的,最后的,用于正式场合,含有最高的和最有权威的结果。如:He never considered the ultimate result of his action.(他从未考虑其行为的后果。) 80、late; lately; later; latest
late可作形容词或副词,意为“迟(的);晚(的)”。如: He often comes late for school.他上学常迟到。 They were late for the film.他们看电影迟到了。
lately是副词,意为“最近;近来”相当于recently,常与现在完成时连用。如: I haven’t heard from him lately.我最近没收到他的来信。
later为late的比较级,意为“较迟的(地)”。另外,还可用作副词,意为“后来”。如: He goes home later than anybody.他回家比谁都晚。 See you later.回头见。
latest为late的最高级,意为“最迟的(地)”;也相当于newest,意为“最新的”。如: I go to bed latest in the family.我是家里睡觉最迟的。 Here is the latest news from a broad.下面是来自国外的最新消息。
81、lie, lay
lay (放置) laid laid laying 例如:
Mr. Brown lay down to take a rest. He laid his hand on my shoulder.
82、literal, literary, literate
literal文字上的,字面的。如:a literal interpretation of a passage(对一段文章的字面解释)
literary文学的。如:literary works(文学作品)
literary有文化的(反义词是illiterate),如:people applying for the job should be computer literate.(申请这份工作的人应会使用电脑。) 83、much, very 都可表示“很”。
much用来修饰动词意义很强的过去分词;very一般修饰形容词或已失去动作意义的过去分词。
一些只作表语的形容词,一般多用much修饰。
very much是much的加强语,因此,能用much的地方,都能用very much。 修饰形容词原级用very,修饰比较级用much。 much可修饰名词,very不能。 84、occur/happen/take place/break out
均表示“发生”。
以上各词均是不及物动词,因此不可接宾语。但可以用作:sth. occur to sb.或者sth .happen to sb。但两者的意思有所不同,sth occur to sb. 或者it occurs to sb that…的意思是“某人想到了…例如:
The possibility that she might be wrong never occurred to him. Didn’t it occur to you that your husband might be late happen to的意思是“某人遇到/被卷入…”例如: A traffic accident happened to Tom last night.
A strange thing happened to me on my way home yesterday.
注意:英语中表示出现的词,如:appear, emerge, turn up, show up等也都是不及物动词,而在汉语中,表示上述两种意思的词有时候可以跟宾语,而英语中是不可以的。例如:
我的家乡发生了很大变化。
译文:Many changes have taken place in my hometown. on the way, in the way
on the way在前往…的路上,in the way挡路 The chair is in the way.
两者均表示“互相;彼此”,为代词,仅作动词或介词的宾语,不作其它成分。两者虽可换用,
idle. 小吴喜欢工作而不喜欢闲坐。 90、preserve, conserve, reserve
preserve坚持,后面常接介词in。如:The ship is equipped with special refrigerating devices to preserve food for the whole voyage.(船上设有特殊冷藏设备,在整个航程中保存食物。)
conserve保存,储藏,强调采取措施精心保护某物,防止不必要的浪费,损失或变化。如:He is conserving his energy for the last twenty-meter dash.(他正在为最后20米冲刺保存实力。)
85、one another;each other
但each other多用于两者之间的关系,one another多用于三者或三者以上之间的情况。例如: We both see each other at the office every day.我们俩每天在办公室碰面。 The six blind men couldn’t agree with one another.这六个瞎子各执己见。 They hate each other/one another.他们互相憎恨。 86、out of question, out of the question out of question毫无疑问的,out of the question不可能的 66
87、persist, insist
persist坚持,后面常接介词in。如:He persisted in carrying on his work in spite of great fatigue.(他虽然疲倦极了,可仍坚持工作。)
insist坚持,后面接介词on,也可直接连用that引导的名词从句。如:He insisted on my going there with him. (He insisted that I should go there with him.)
88、persuade sb.to do sth.; advise sb.to do sth.; try to persuade sb.to do sth.
persuade sb.to do sth.意为“说服某人干某事”,其结果是成功的(即成功地说服某人干某事)。如: Tom persuaded his father to give up smoking at last.汤姆终于说服他父亲戒烟了。
advise sb.to do sth.意为“劝说某人干某事”,其结果可能是劳而无功(即“说”而未“服”)。如: She advised her parents to give up smoking, but they wouldn’t listen. 她劝她的父母戒烟,但他们不愿听。
try to persuade sb.to do sth.意为“尽力说服某人干某事”,相当于advise sb.to do sth。如: I tried to persuade him to continue his study, but I failed. 我尽力劝他继续学习,但没有成功。 89、prefer…to…;prefer to… rather than…
两个动词短语均可作“喜欢……而不喜欢……”或“宁愿……而不愿……”解,其后均可接名词。例如: I prefer volleyball to basketball(=I prefer to volleyball rather than basketball). 我喜欢排球而不喜欢篮球。
主要区别在于:prefer…to…之后接动词时,均用-ing形式。例如: He prefers walking to cycling. 他宁愿步行而不愿骑自行车。
而prefer to…rather than…之后接动词时,均要用动词原形。例如: Liu Hulan preferred to die rather than surrender before the enemy. 刘胡兰在敌人面前宁死不屈。 Xiao Wu prefers to work rather than sit
reserve留存(在资金,人力,原料等),保留(权力等)。如:Reserve enough money for your home fare.(留足你回家的路费。) 91、probable, possible, likely
probable很可能的,大概的,语气较possible强。如:It is probable that the cost will be greater than we think.(花费很可能比我们料想的要多。)
possible强调客观上可能性,但常带有“实际可能性很小”的暗示。如:It’s possible, though not probable,
that he will accept these terms. (他有可能接受这些条件,但希望很小。)
likely暗示从表面迹象来判断“有可能的”。如:It is likely that he will come.(他多半会来。)
92、realize/recognize/identify
realize的意思是“认识到,实现”。recognize的意思是“认出”。identify的意思是“辨认”。例如: Does he realize his error yet
We must work hard to realize the plan. He recognized his long lost brother at a glance.
I recognized his voice through telephone though we have not seen for many years. Can you identify your own baggage among the hundreds of others
93、respectable, respected, respectful, respective
都是形容词。 respectable可尊敬的,值得尊重的。如:His parents were poor but respectable.(他父母虽穷却令人尊敬。)
respected表示受人尊敬的,可用于对年长的人,权威性的意见等。 respectful指“充满敬意的”,是主动性的尊重他人。如:The students were very respectful towards the great man.(这些学生对这位伟人十分敬仰。)
respective表“各自分别的”,修饰名词时,名词一般用复数。如:They went back to their respective houses.(他们回了各自的家。)
94、say, speak, talk, tell
say着重所说的话,可用作及物动词,带宾语从句。
Speak着重开口发声,不着重所说的内容,一般作不及物动词,用作及物动词,宾语只能是某种语言等少数几个名词,不能接that从句。
Talk表示通过谈话方式交换意见、思想、消息等,一般只作不及物动词。
Tell表示告诉,有时兼含“嘱咐”,“命令”等。Tell the truth说真话,tell a lie说谎,tell a story讲故事等为固定搭配。Tell是及物动词,但其后不跟that从句。 95、senseless, sensible, sensitive senseless愚蠢的(常作定语);无知觉的(常作表语)。
Sensible懂事的,明智的。如:He is a sensible child.(他是个懂事的孩子。)
Sensitive有感觉的,敏感的。如:Eyes are very sensitive to light.(眼睛对光敏感。)
96、so,such
(1)so修饰形容词或副词;such修饰名词,
例如,My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。 He is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。
(2)so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词,其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”. such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词,名词前可以有形容词作定语,其结构是“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”,“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”,
.例如,He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。 It is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。(正) It is so cold weather.(误)
They are such good students.他们是那么好的学生。(正) They are so good students. (误)
(3)如果可数名词复数前有many,few或不可数名词前有much,little修饰,用so不用such. 例如,so many(如此多的);so few(如此少的)可以加可数名词复数 so much(如此多的);so little(如此少的)可以加不可数名词
97、sometime,sometimes,some time, some times
sometime:某一时间,某一时刻,可指将来时,也可指过去时 sometimes:有时,不时的 some time:一段时间
some times:几次,几倍
.例如,We’ll have a test sometime next month.下个月的某一时间,我们要进行一次测试。 Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.有时我们很忙,有时不忙。 He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.他去年在北京呆了一段时间。 I have been to Beijing some times.我去过北京好几次。
98、sometimes, some time, sometime, some times
词形相近,但意义和用法不同。
sometimes有时。如:I sometimes play tennis.(我有时打网球。)
some times有几次。如:I have been to the Great Wall for some times.(我去长城有好几次了。)
sometime某个时候,指过去或将来的不确定时间。如:I will buy a car sometime in the future.(将来我会买车的。)
some time一段时间。如:I have been a teacher for some time.(我当老师已有些年头了。)
99、submit, surrender, yield 都有“让步,屈服”之意。 submit表示“甘心忍受”,作及物动词时,宾语为反身代词,但一般为不及物动词,后接介词to 。
surrender“投降”,强调“被迫投降,压力很大”,是不及物动词,后接介词to;用作及物动词时,表因战败或被迫“交出”,“放弃”某些事物。
yield“投降”,与surrender 大致同义,但是指“温和的让步”。
100、free, vacant, empty
free空的,指清除了或缺少了某物,与of 或from连用。如:She is free from anxiety.(她无忧无虑。)She is free of him.(她摆脱了他。)
empty空的,指里面什么东西都没有。如:The case is empty.(这是个空箱子。)
vacant空闲的,指地方没有被占用。如:One day, man can make full use of vacant space.(将来,人们会充分利用浩瀚的天空。)
empty,vacant和相同的名词连用时,含义不同。如an empty house指房子里既无家具也无人,空荡荡的。而a vacant house指房子没有被人占用,里面可有家具,也可无家具。 2009年成人学位英语考试同义词近义词辨析108题(11) 英语词汇 2009-03-19 22:30:39 阅读1069 评论0 字号:大中小 101、pay, salary, wage
pay薪金,泛指对付出劳动给予的报酬,不分发放对象,只用单数,尤指军队的军饷。如:They are asking for equal pay for equal work.他们要求同工同酬。