阅读理解之词义猜测题
词义猜测题常见设题方式：：
1. The word \refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by __________ 2. The word \is most likely to mea n _________ . 3. What do you thi nk the expressi on \sta nds for? 4. The un derl ined word \means. _____ ..... 解题方法
1. Definition 定义法 2. Con trast 对比法 3. Similarity 相似法
4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example例举法
6. Word Formation 构词法 7. Con text上下文
8. Com mon Se nse 普通常识
1. Defin iti on 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。 ______ a. It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.（ ） b. The herdsma n , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yua n a year._（ ）
2. Contrast 对比法： 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比 ______ 的词有 but、while、however、otherwise 等。 a. Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.（ ）
b. She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly
3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。 Clea ning up waterways is an eno rmous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the gover nment may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have bee n polluted.（ ） 4. Cause Effect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。 a. One who is destitute has a great n eed for food and cloth ing.（ ） b. That museum is so imme nse that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. （ ）
5. Example 例举法：禾U用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有 for instanee, for example, such as 等。
Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instanee, washing mach in es, refrigerators and color televisi ons.（ ） 6. Word Formation 构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组 成。 词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可
以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么 就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。
中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：
super-（超） mini-（极小的，微小的） micro-（极微小的） re-（再，反复） mis-（误，恶） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非） non-（不，非） -able （能 …的） -less （不，无） -wards （向） Can you guess the right meanin gs? superma n microwave nonn atural homeless non smoker rebuild Eg. I ' m goitogbuy a microbus.（
1
mispr onounce
eastwards
7. Context上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。 1) He soun ded quite n ervous and he had bee n talk ing for a minute or so before I un dersta nd any thi ng. Eve n the n all I could make out was that some one called Milly had had a very bad accide nt. A. see clearly B. un dersta nd C. expect 2) Tom saw an owl last night . A . a bird B . an animal C. a star Tom saw an owl in a tree last night . A . a bird B . an animal C. a star
Tom saw an owl in a tree last night but it flew away when he got near A . a bird B . an animal C. a star 3) The childre n are look ing at an ape.
A . a ki nd of mon key B . The a kind of tree C . a kind of bird ape at the zoo . childre n are look ing at an A . a kind of tree C . a kind of bird
The children are looking at a large, hairy ape at the zoo . a kind of mon key B .
A . a kind of mon key B . a kind of tree C . a kind of bird
8. Com mon sense 普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。 ___
，或运用自己 已有的常识将其推测出来。比如
了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政 治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就 会增强。
When a doctor performs an operatio n on a patie nt , he usually gives an an esthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.( )
当堂训练
Can you guess the correct meanings of the followi ng words?
1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A.雪山 B.树枝 C.冰河D.冰
2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he won ' t give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever
3. Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room n ear the office where he works.
A.租用 B.借出 C.购买 D.参观
4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engin eer. A. work B. study C. n ame D. in terest
5. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbor all call her an eccen trie lady. A.爱猫的 B.古怪的 C.闲不住 D.动物保护主义者
6. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A.便士 B.温饱 C.非常贫困 D.虚弱
7. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type. A.活泼的 B.好动的 C.多嘴多舌的 D.可爱的
8. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that in side the city.
A. tow n B. capital C. coun tryside D. house
9. This boy is not stupid, on the contrary, no one could be more intelligent . A.勤奋的 B.愚蠢的 C.聪明的 D.情报
10. Children are always boasting. They say things like “ My Dad ' s car is bigger than your Dad ' s
“ My Mom is smarter than yours. ” and “ My family has more money than yours. ” The word boast ing ” means _____ . A.骄傲 B.吹牛 C.顽皮 D.幼稚
课堂检测
Passage 1: Tens of thousa nds of baby penguins face starvati on after two gia nt icebergs broke off the An tarctic ice sheet and blocked their pare nts ' roeOlstcAdelifee dind emperor
penguins nesting on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to obtain food for 2
their chicks, born duri ng the November-December breedi ng seas on. What does the un derl ined word obta “” probaby mean?
A. eat B. get C. sell D. buy
Passage 2: A man' s position among the blacktent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesme n. If they are hono red, he is also hono red. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage（ 宗系）,and his tribe. The word disgrace ” means in this text. A. honor B. endan ger C. proud D. shame
Passage 3: The ruler had bee n so cruel and dish on est that after the revoluti on he was banished. A few members of the Senate（参议院）opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever. The un derl ined word ban ished ” mean ______ . A. killed by stoning B. sent away C. impris oned D. puni shed by whipp ing Passage 4: My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guidi ng him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks. It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasti ng less ons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could.
What does the un derl ined word tedious ” probably mean? A. in terest ing B. tiresome C. relax ing D. challe nging Passage 5: Although he often had the cha nee, Mr. Brow n was n ever able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future. The word jeopardize ” means ________ in this text. A. protect B. endan ger C. con ti nue D. stop Passage 6: After a four-year relati on ship with a major fortune 100 compa ny begi nning as a sales trainee and ending as a regi onal sales man ager, I left the compa ny at the height of my career. Many people were asto un ded that I would leave after earning a six-figure in come. And they asked why I would risk everyth ing for a dream. The underlined word astounded ” means ______ . A. very sad B. very sorry C. very pleased D. greatly surprised
课后拓展
Passage 1
We can not feel speed. But our sense let us know that we are moving. We see things moving past and feel that we are being shake n.
We can feel accelerati on, an in crease in speed. But we no tice it for only a short time. For example we feel it duri ng the takeoff run of an airpla ne.
1. Accelerati on is the n ame for _____ .
A. any kind of moveme nt B. the moveme nt of a pla ne C. a steady speed D. an in crease in speed Passage 2
A torn ado can do a lot of damage. The wind of a torn ado rushes at great speed around
a funnel-shaped cloud. It travels in a path a few hundred feet wide and about twenty-five miles long. As the wind circles, the funnel spirals higher and higher. 2. A tornado is a _____ .
A. rainstorm B. dust storm C. great circle wind D. huge funnel of water
Passage 3
STOCKHOLM — A Swede and two Americans won the 2000 Nobel Prize for medicine on Oct. 9 for studies on how messages move around the nervous system. The discovery makes it possible to develop drugs against Parkinson' s disease and schizophrenia. Arvid Carlson of Sweden and Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel of the United States share the first prize of the millennium, worth nearly US$ 1 million, for their discoveries, Sweden ' s Karlinska Institute said.
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(完整版)词义猜测题
