中小学最新教育资料
16.one，that，it
【知识点睛】one 单独使用时，表示泛指。指同类中的另一个事物，常常代替带有不定冠词 a/an 的名词。既可代替人，也可代替物，但只能代替可数名词，其复数形式为 ones。若 one 前有定语修饰，其前可带冠词。 that可以代替“the＋单数名词”，用于特指。主要用于两种东西对比，其复数形式为those。常用来代替物，不能用来代替人。
it 代替上文中提到的事物本身，表示特指。即可代替单数可数名词，也可代替不可数 名词。
—Do you have a pen？你有一支钢笔吗？ —Yes，I have one.是的，我有一支。
He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize.他是这些孩子中唯一受到奖励的。
That hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。 I can't find my hat.I don't know where I put it.我找不到我的帽子。我不知道把它放在哪儿了。
【即时演练】1)I can't find my ticket.I think I must have lost __A__． A．it B．one C．this D．them 2)—I'm a bit hungry，Auntie!
—There're some cakes on the table.You may take __B__． 17.cost/spend/take/pay
【知识点睛】1)cost 的主语只能是物或事，而不能是人，常用于 sth.costs (sb.) some money 结构。eg：
The dictionary costs 30 yuan.这本词典花了三十元钱。
2)take 主要指花时间，常用结构为 It takes sb.some time to do sth.，it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。
It took me two hours to do my homework last night.昨晚我做作业花了两个小时。 take 的主语也可以是某种活动，其后接宾语或双宾语。 The journey took me two weeks.旅行花了我两周时间。
3)spend 的主语必须是人，常用于 sb.spend time/money on sth.或 sb.spend time/money (in) doing sth.结构中，其中 in 可省略。
He spent five dollars on the book.他买书花了五美元。 温馨提示：spend 没有 spend…to do 结构。
4)pay 的主语是人。通常用于 sb.pay some money for sth.“为……而付款”结构，pay 还可以跟双宾语。
cost, spend 和 pay 在一定条件下可相互转换：
The pen cost me three yuan.＝I spent three yuan on the pen. ＝I paid three yuan for the pen. 这支钢笔花了我三元钱。
中小学最新教育资料
中小学最新教育资料
【归纳拓展】pay 与 take 的相关词组 pay attention to 注意，关心 pay for 偿付 pay off 还清 pay on a visit 探访 pay back 偿还, 报答, 报复 pay up 全部付清 take a break 休息 take a chance 冒险，碰运气
take up 占用；接受；培养；开始对……产生兴趣
【即时演练】He paid ￡5 for the book.他买这本书花了五英镑。 It usually ________ Mum about half an hour to cook supper. A．pays B．takes C．spends D．costs
解析：句意：妈妈通常用半个小时做晚饭。It takes sb.some time to do sth.是固定句式，表示“某人用多长时间做某事”，故选 B。
1．[2013·新疆] —How do you feel when you watch national flag going up? —It makes me feel ________． A. proudly B．proud C．interesting D．funny
2．[2013·呼和浩特] If you see the cartoon film, you will ________ laugh. A. be made B．be made to C．make to D．make
3．[2013·黄石] This is the school ________ we visited last year. A. that B．where C．who D．whose
4．[2013·安顺] ________ good time they had last weekend! A. How B．What C．What a D．How a
5．[2013·黄石] This pair of shoes ________ hand, and it ________ very comfortable.
A. is made with; is felt B．are made from; is felt C. are made of; feels D．is made by; feels
6．[2014·德州] —Yesterday, my father bought me a new mobile phone as a present, but I don't know how to use it.
—Why not read the ________ first before using it? 中小学最新教育资料
中小学最新教育资料
A．expressions B．applications C．advertisements D．instructions 7．[2014·泸州] Please remember________ your notebook here tomorrow.
A．bring B．brought C．bringing D．to bring
8．[2014·无锡] A little wine will not be ________ to your health. Just don't drink too much.
A．helpful B．helpless C．harmful D．harmless
9．[2014·白银] Many students say that if there were no examinations they should have________ at school.
A．the happiest time B．a more happier time C．much happier time D．a much happier time 10．[2014·襄阳] —When will you hand in your book report? —Sorry, I'm not sure. I ________ writing it yet.
A．didn't finish B．don't finish C．hadn't finished D．haven't finished 11．—Why don't you buy an iPad? —It's too expensive.I can't ____ it. A．afford B．sell C．borrow D．keep
12．How much does the ticket ____ from Shanghai to Beijing? A．cost B．took C．spend D．pay
13．—How many students are there in the classroom? —____．They are all in the lab.
A．Some B．None C．All D．Nobody 14．—Hurry，Mike！The bus is coming.
—Wait a moment，please！Let me see if there's ____ left.
A．anything else B．important something C．nothing else D．any other things 15．[2014，连云港]—This book on idioms is interesting.I'd like ____，where did you buy it，Simon? —In the Amazon Bookstore. A．it B．this C．that D．one 参考答案:1-5 BBACD 6-10DDCDD 11-15AABAD
解析：8.考查形容词辨析。句意：喝一点儿酒不会对你的健康有害，不要喝太多了。helpful 意为“有用的”；helpless 意为“无用的”；harmful 意为“有害的”；harmless 意为“无害的”。
10.考查动词时态。根据句中的标志词 yet 可知， 本句用现在完成时态。 11.考查动词辨析。afford“买得起；承担得起”，其后接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语；sell“卖”； borrow“借用”；keep“保持；借用……(时间)”。根据句意“你为什么不买一台 iPad？” “太贵了，我支付不起。”可知选 A。
中小学最新教育资料
中小学最新教育资料
12.本题考查表示“花费”的动词辨析。cost 的主语是物；pay 的主语是人，常与 for 搭配；spend 的主语是人，后接 doing 形式；take 表示“花费”时的句型为“It takes/took sb.some time to do sth.”，其中 it 为形式主语。该句 the ticket 作主
语，可知此题选 A。
13.本题考查不定代词。some“一些”；none“(三者或三者以上)一个没有”，强调数量，用于回答 how many 开头的问句；all“(三者或三者以上)都”；nobody“没有人”，主要用于回答 who 开头的问句。由句意“教室里有多少学生？” “一个没有，他们都在实验室。”可知选 B。
14.答句句意为“请等一下！让我看看是否还有别的东西落下。”anything 是复合不定代词，其修饰语应后置，故选 A。
15.考查代词。表示刚才提到的那一本用 it，但泛指其中的一本用 one。由句意“这本关于习语的书很有趣，我想买一本。……”可知选 D。
写作典例之环境保护
(一)
当前我国政府倡导节约，抵制浪费。作为中学生我们应如何做到节粮、节水、节电呢？请根据以下要求写一篇题为“How To Save”的短文。提示：1.节约用水、用电、用纸； 2．去超市自备购物袋； 3．不要浪费食物，乱倒剩饭剩菜； 4．步行或骑自行车去上学。
提示词：tap(水龙头)，uneaten food(剩余饭菜)，electricity(电) 要求：1.80 词左右；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 2．文中不要出现作者本人的真实校名和姓名； 3．请不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥。 【范文欣赏】
How To Save
Our_government_is_aiming_to_build_an_“economized_society”_(节约型社会)．It is our duty to work hard to achieve this goal.As students，we should do something to help.
First，we'd better save more water，paper and electricity.For example，turn off the lights when we leave the classroom，and remember to turn off the tap after washing our hands.Next，we should take our own bags in shopping instead of using plastic bags from supermarkets.Then don't waste food.We'd better eat up all the food when we have meals.And don't throw uneaten food everywhere.Finally，we'd better go to school on foot or ride a bike instead of taking a car.
中小学最新教育资料
中小学最新教育资料
In_a_word
，
I_think_one_thing_we_should_keep_in_mind_is_that_no_matter_what_a_small_effort_we_make ， it_does_make_a_difference. (二)
有一种节约叫光盘，有一种公益叫光盘！所谓光盘，就是吃光你盘子中的食物，拒绝浪费，珍惜粮食！针对这项行动，并根据以下提示，请你以“No Wasting on Food”为题写一篇短文，号召大家参与这项活动。要点提示：
Reason：
1．a waste of food，money 2．pollute the environment …… Suggestion：
1．eat up all your food/clear your plate 2．leftovers (剩饭菜)．.. 3．order less or smaller dishes
注意：1.短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥； 2．语句流畅，书写规范；
3．词数：80－100 词； 4．文中不能出现真实人名、地名等信息； 5．开头已给出，不计入总词数。 【范文欣赏】
No Wasting on Food
Recently ，
many_restaurants_in_our_country_have_joined_the_“Clearing_Your_Plate”_campaign_( 活
动)_against_wasting_food_by_offering_smaller_dishes.
Many people around us also pay more attention to saving food in their daily life.A number of people have realized the importance of saving food.I believe it is meaningful/necessary/important for us to take an active part in this activity.It is a waste of food and money if we order too much food but eat too little.And it's not easy for farmers to produce the food for us.There are still too many poor people in the poor areas in China，they don't have enough food to eat.Meanwhile，the environment will be polluted by the wasted food.Also，eating too much is bad for our health.We should take action to support the campaign.
What should we do in our daily life to waste less food？First，we should eat up all the food in our dishes and plates.Second，we may order less or smaller dishes
中小学最新教育资料
中小学最新教育资料
in the restaurant.Third，we can take the leftovers home and enjoy them later.In a word，I think it is our duty to refuse the waste of food.
中小学最新教育资料
中小学资料中考英语教材一本通 九全 Unit 13-14
