management systems and measures established by, and a number of pragmatic, combined part-time workforce education information, the protection of the digital campus construction and sustainable development. Six Bureau attaches great importance to information technology security, information technology security, entrust XX City Center for educational information and equipment dedicated to the work. Network security leading group was set up, chaired by the Education Bureau Chief, head, for XX education Metro-network and information security emergency response leadership. Deputy group leader for XX educational metropolitan area network and information security emergency response coordination, command. The team assist leader and deputy leader, responsible for network XX network security and information ... eam. Information security work Conference held each semester, and deployment ofnformation security of documents issued on a regular basis. Information security assessment is included in the annual index. Strictly implement the information security budget to ensure information security of investment. By XX, education information and equipment Centre XX network network security and information security. According to the information technology security requirements, issued a document requires schools (units) implement, defined the information security guidelines, specific work practices, procedures, and requirements. Clear industry information security incidents (accidents) to detect, report and disposal processes. According to self-examination, the school (units) basic established has network security management system; the school (units) according to this units actual, established has units personnel management, information system room management, and equipment management, and media management, and network security construction management, and shipped dimension management, and service outsourcing, management system; developed has computer and the network of network security responsibility held system, signed has network security responsibility; website of information management personnel is responsible for confidential management, password management, on computer enjoys independent right, User name and password of the computer for its proprietary, and release of provisions is prohibited, such as leaks, investigated for responsibility. According to who is in charge of who's in charge, who is running and who is responsible for, who uses principles of who is in charge of management schools (units) defined the roles and responsibilities of information security, assurance responsibilities to schools. XX city schools (units) total site 20, 19 of which were not classified security protection assessment, of which 1 (XX education and resource network) for classified security protection levels, without third-level information systems. otal education information systems 1 (XX education cloud platform), contains features with e-Government, resource library, test database, mail services, such as e-books, all intranet services. No for grade protection grading record and evaluation of school (units), requirements the school (units) according to information security grade protection about policy and standard, organization carried out information security grade protection security management system construction, and technology measures construction and grade evaluation, implementation grade protection system of the requirements, makes information system security management level obviouslyfacility up to 160 million Yuan, according to the standard, high quality planning XX educational metropolitan area network realizes Wan Zhaokuan to schools, hundreds of megabytes of broadband to the table, ' wire ' (ie: Web, video, audio) to the target, electronic whiteboards, multimedia classrooms, remote interactive video teaching system of modern educationalequipment in the classroom. ... With Intel company on XX Education City domain network of topic case design, relies on Cisco company thought Shu aid chuan project staff free provides has three years technology support, from 2009 began, according to high standards, and high of work thought, and manpower planning, and points step implementation, using school earthquake Hou reconstruction of opportunities, again planning elementary and middle schools campus network and education city domain network, and local broadcasting network company cooperation, using broadcast TV network, will physical fiber laying to each school, to minimum of cost achieved has physical fiber school school pass; Each school construction standards of campus network and network access to all rooms; XX education metropolitan area network center machine room equipment in the Ministry of education standardization management platform, the Central Library of audio-visual education resources, set up a Chinese teacher education cloud platform, implemented links the two platforms. At present, the city's primary and middle school students to computer 3198, vitality than 10:1; 809 equipment classes through the classroom (primary and secondary); 36 of the campus network. The establishment of an advanced, practical Gigabit educational metropolitan area network, the city's schools have access to educational metropolitan area network, schools have computer networks, closed-circuit television network, broadcast networks into the classrooms, realize the triple play. Schools share Internet bandwidth, can meet the needs of teaching of the school office and at any time. According to Ministry of education on full started implementation teaching points digital education resources full cover project of notification (taught technical letter (2012) 74th,) and XX Province Department of education on issued XX province teaching points digital education resources full cover project implementation views of notification (chuan taught letter (2013) 18th,) requirements, I city 6 a teaching points implementation teaching points digital education resources full cover project, combined I city specific situation, developed issued has XX City Bureau on teaching points digital resources full cover project of implementation programme, Established XX, full coverage of digital resources in modern distance education teaching project leading group, XX, chaired the Secretary for education. Established, digital resources in modern distance education teaching, XX full coverage project group, XX, Director of the Center for educational information and equipment chaired Zhu Guiyan, responsible for distance education digital resources covering project work. Projects in XX city school digital resources in modern distance education teaching full-coverage project leading group, digital resources in modern distance education teaching, and XX full coverage project group leadership and organization, in accordance with the unified arrangement of the whole province, responsible for university education digital resources covering project management and implementation. According to provinces arrangements, I Center has arrangements Gong全国计算机等级考试二级公共基础最新题库(一)
第一章 数据结构与算法
一.选择题
1.算法的时间复杂度是指( c )
A.执行算法程序所需要的时间 B.算法程序的长度
C.算法执行过程中所需要的基本运算次数 D.算法程序中的指令条数 2.算法的空间复杂度是指( d )
A.算法程序的长度 B.算法程序中的指令条数
C.算法程序所占的存储空间 D.算法执行过程中所需要的存储空间 3.下列叙述中正确的是( a )
A.线性表是线性结构 B.栈与队列是非线性结构 C.线性链表是非线性结构 D.二叉树是线性结构 4.数据的存储结构是指( b )
A.数据所占的存储空间量 B.数据的逻辑结构在计算机中的表示 C.数据在计算机中的顺序存储方式 D.存储在外存中的数据 5.下列关于队列的叙述中正确的是( c )
A.在队列中只能插入数据 B.在队列中只能删除数据 C.队列是先进先出的线性表 D.队列是先进后出的线性表 6.下列关于栈的叙述中正确的是( d )
A.在栈中只能插入数据 B.在栈中只能删除数据 C.栈是先进先出的线性表 D.栈是先进后出的线性表 7.设有下列二叉树:
对此二叉树中序遍历的结果为( b )
A. ABCDEF B.DBEAFC C.ABDECF D. DEBFCA 8.在深度为5的满二叉树中,叶子结点的个数为( b ) A. 32 B. 31 C. 16 D. 15
9.对长度为N的线性表进行顺序查找,在最坏情况下所需要的比较次数为( b ) A. N+1 B. N C .(N+1)/2 D. N/2
10.设树T的度为4,其中度为1,2,3,4的结点个数分别为4,2,1,1 .则T的叶子结点数为 a A. 8 B. 7 C . 6 D. 5 二.填空题
1.对长度为n的有序线性表中进行二分查找,需要的比较次数为( log2^n )
*：二分法查找只适用于顺序存储的线性表，且表中元素必须按关键字有序（升序）排列。对于无序线性表和线性表的链式存储结构只能用顺序查找。在长度为n的有序线性表中进行二分法查找，其时间复杂度为O（log2n）。
2.设一棵完全二叉树共有700个结点,则在该二叉树中有( 350 )个叶子结点
3.设一棵二叉树的中序遍历结果为DBEAFC,前序遍历结果为ABDECF,则后序遍历结果为( debfca )
4.在最坏情况下,冒泡排序的时间复杂度为( n(n-1)/2 ) 补充：
improve, security prevention capacity obviously enhanced, security hidden and security accident obviously reduced, effective guarantees information health development. XX Education Centre regularly carry out day-to-day network security monitoring information and equipment. By the appropriate technical staff, XX network engine room maintenance staff on site management and maintenance on a regular basis, scheduled viewing of networks, systems, databases and associated equipment operating conditions, and make a record. Computer lab maintenance managers regularly run a variety of devices in the school information system parameters, server systems and various data backup, so that there was a hardware failure in a system crash can resume quickly and efficiently. Computer lab maintenance managers establish a network antivirus system, Avira Virus system on a regular basis, and anti-virus software security assessment, time to upgrade. Computer lab maintenance management for all equipment in the room a regular dust, replace the old label. Regularly host servers, network switches, core routing, firewalls, hardware maintenance, such as equipment failure, should be processed in a timely manner in order to ensure safe and reliable operation of the system. In XX city information and equipment was established within the Centre, educational metropolitan area network center machine room XX. Servers and data stores and applications to set up in XX City metropolitan area network center machine room. WindowsServer2003, windowsServer2008, windowsServer2012, Linux, the operating system, the database for SQL Server2008, Office software, such as Microsoft Office software. Schools (units) of computer, information system security products for domestic products, including the use of 360 and kingsoft Internet security software. XX education metropolitan area network used by the server for HP, firewall and information security product for Huaweiand Cisco products. In their daily work, to publicize related knowledge and information security considerations. Enhanced global awareness of network and information security, and strive to achieve network everyone knows security and virus before the guard, to improve network and information security, ensure that the XX education system network and information system security. Tracking reporting system requires all parties to strengthen collaboration, work closely with emergency safety plan developed XX education metropolitan area network, regularly carry out emergency drills, and carried out special funds every year to protect the security of information. Annual 2-3 professional training for network managers in the city, forming technology with a strong professional and technical team, school network managers on common network failures and be capable of solving security issues. Issues that cannot be resolved, timely forms of meetings, such as meetings, analysis, and solutions through a meeting, without rolling up the ability to solve problems, and feedback to superiors in writing departments to resolve. Through self-examination, we are well aware, relative lack of investment in education, facilities and equipment for further updates, education development is still uneven, new education concepts need to be further enhanced to some extent and restricting the development of city education. We will take the opportunity of government supervision, to strive for the province education demonstration counties as a driving force, further increase input in education, efforts to promote thelong wing, and Li Wanfu, and Michael Jenkins, and Chen Jian, and Song and xiaochuanyun, 7 bit comrade participate in province backbone face-to-face or network learning, do each teaching points are has teachers participate in training, October 17, 2013, issued XX city education information and equipment Center on requirements the teaching points schoolfor good satellite ground station installation prepared of notification, requirements school related management personnel familiar XX province teaching points digital education resources full cover project construction management manual, Particularly with regard to installation preparation parts according to the point of XX province full coverage of digital educational resources in the project construction management manual ... Devices are able to receive TV signals and IP data, the schools have school training and school-based application to use good. Actively organize implementation of a division of a class, a teacher in one class activity. XX in XX city first to complete full registration of teachers working in this city, XX, Sun class rate of 54 per cent respectively, the forefront. In XX, a division of a class, a class a total ranked first in Division activities, was awarded the national ministerial one, 2 provincial second prize, third prize at the provincial level 3. Actively organize implementation of the e-learning space the work of everyone. At present, in the open space of public service platform of provincial educational resources teachers number 2444, 83 to the total number of teachers, student number is 6569 of the open space, the city's total students 18.31 to (junior high school students in 30 ﹪above, students not required), registration number to meet the requirements of teachers and students, in XX in first place. Five, information technology application capability as a means to boost teaching of teachers to use information, Education Bureau of XX title and modern educational technology teacher assessment levels linked to the examination; launched a provincial model school of modern education technology selection, advanced unit in education a year (individual) award. o expedite education informatization work, the city established the school running level of supervision and assessment system. Information education in school performance evaluation, education assessment information work more than to cut weight 10. Practice is a regular room supervision, education information steering, steering, steering with the end, principals of education information into performance assessment and school level monitoring and evaluation, to develop a scientific, operational education information steering assessment methods, tracking management of education information and applications. By March 2016, 100 of the teachers, I participated in a national educational technology training for primary and secondary school teachers, the teachers have made to cut 80 primary and middle school teachers ' educational technology proficiency test certificate. At present, all schools have access to broadband networks. Training classification training of teachers, school teachers, academic leaders, information technology, teacher training and network management personnel from the County, within the school back to school training once training is complete. Through this mode of classification training, information technology application capability training of teachers in our city reached 100. XX series of effective information management systems and measures established by, and a number of pragmatic, combined part-time workforce education information, the protection of the digital campus construction and sustainable development. Six Bureau attaches great importance to information technology security, information technology security, entrust XX City Center for educational information and equipment dedicated to the work. Network security leading group was set up, chaired by the Education Bureau Chief, head, for XX education Metro-network and information security emergency response leadership. Deputy group leader for XX educational metropolitan area network and information security emergency response coordination, command. The team assist leader and deputy leader, responsible for network XX network security and information ... eam. Information security work Conference held each semester, and deployment of information security of documents issued on a regular basis. Information security assessment is included in the annual index. Strictly implement the information security budget to ensure information security of investment. By XX, education information and equipment Centre XX network network security and information security. According to the information technology security requirements, issued a document requires schools (units) implement, defined the information security guidelines, specific work practices, procedures, and requirements. Clear industry information security incidents (accidents) to detect, report and disposal processes. According to self-examination, the school (units) basic established has network security management system; the school (units) according to this units actual, established has units personnel management, information system room management, and equipment management, and media management, and network security construction management, and shipped dimension management, and service outsourcing, management system; developed has computer and the network of network security responsibility held system, signed has network security responsibility; website of information management personnel is responsible for confidential management, password management, on computer enjoys independent right, User name and password of the computer for its proprietary, and release of provisions is prohibited, such as leaks, investigated for responsibility. According to who is in charge of who's in charge, who is running and who is responsible for, who uses principles of who is in charge of management schools (units) defined the roles and responsibilities of information security, assurance responsibilities to schools. XX city schools (units) total site 20, 19 of which were not classified security protection assessment, of which 1 (XX education and resource network) for classified security protection levels, without third-level information systems. otal education information systems 1 (XX education cloud platform), contains features with e-Government, resource library, test database, mail services, such as e-books, all intranet services. No for grade protection grading record and evaluation of school (units), requirements the school (units) according to information security grade protection about policy and standard, organization carried out information security grade protection security management system construction, and technology measures construction and grade evaluation, implementation grade protection system of the requirements, makes information system security management level obviouslyfacility up to 160 million Yuan, according to the standard, high quality planning XX educational metropolitan area network realizes Wan Zhaokuan to schools, hundreds of megabytes of broadband to the table, ' wire ' (ie: Web, video, audio) to the target, electronic whiteboards, multimedia classrooms, remote interactive video teaching system of modern educationalequipment in the classroom. ... With Intel company on XX Education City domain network of topic case design, relies on Cisco company thought Shu aid chuan project staff free provides has three years technology support, from 2009 began, according to high standards, and high of work thought, and manpower planning, and points step implementation, using school earthquake Hou reconstruction of opportunities, again planning elementary and middle schools campus network and education city domain network, and local broadcasting network company cooperation, using broadcast TV network, will physical fiber laying to each school, to minimum of cost achieved has physical fiber school school pass; Each school construction standards of campus network and network access to all rooms; XX education metropolitan area network center machine room equipment in the Ministry of education standardization management platform, the Central Library of audio-visual education resources, set up a Chinese teacher education cloud platform, implemented links the two platforms. At present, the city's primary and middle school students to computer 3198, vitality than 10:1; 809 equipment classes through the classroom (primary and secondary); 36 of the campus network. The establishment of an advanced, practical Gigabit educational metropolitan area network, the city's schools have access to educational metropolitan area network, schools have computer networks, closed-circuit television network, broadcast networks into the classrooms, realize the triple play. Schools share Internet bandwidth, can meet the needs of teaching of the school office and at any time. According to Ministry of education on full started implementation teaching points digital education resources full cover project of notification (taught technical letter (2012) 74th,) and XX Province Department of education on issued XX province teaching points digital education resources full cover project implementation views of notification (chuan taught letter (2013) 18th,) requirements, I city 6 a teaching points implementation teaching points digital education resources full cover project, combined I city specific situation, developed issued has XX City Bureau on teaching points digital resources full cover project of implementation programme, Established XX, full coverage of digital resources in modern distance education teaching project leading group, XX, chaired the Secretary for education. Established, digital resources in modern distance education teaching, XX full coverage project group, XX, Director of the Center for educational information and equipment chaired Zhu Guiyan, responsible for distance education digital resources covering project work. Projects in XX city school digital resources in modern distance education teaching full-coverage project leading group, digital resources in modern distance education teaching, and XX full coverage project group leadership and organization, in accordance with the unified arrangement of the whole province, responsible for university education digital resources covering project management and implementation. According to provinces arrangements, I Center has arrangements Gong
5. 在一个容量为15的循环队列中,若头指针front=6,尾指针rear=9,则该循环队列中共有( 3)个元素.队列是指允许在一端（队尾）进入插入，而在另一端（队头）进行删除的线性表。尾指针（Rear）指向队尾元素，头指针（front）指向排头元素的前一个位置（队头）。 队列是“先进先出”或“后进后出”的线性表。
队列运算包括：1）入队运算：从队尾插入一个元素；2）退队运算：从队头删除一个元素。 循环队列及其运算：所谓循环队列，就是将队列存储空间的最后一个位置绕到第一个位置，形成逻辑上的环状空间，供队列循环使用。在循环队列中，用队尾指针rear指向队列中的队尾元素，用排头指针front指向排头元素的前一个位置，因此，从头指针front指向的后一个位置直到队尾指针rear指向的位置之间，所有的元素均为队列中的元素。 *：循环队列中元素的个数=rear-front。
第二章 程序设计基础
一. 选择题
1.结构化程序设计主要强调的是( b )
A.程序的规模B.程序的易读性C.程序的执行效率D.程序的可移植性 2．对建立良好的程序设计风格，下面描述正确的是( a ) A．程序应简单、清晰、可读性好B．符号名的命名只要符合语法 C．充分考虑程序的执行效率D．程序的注释可有可无
3．在面向对象方法中，一个对象请求另一对象为其服务的方式是通过发送( d ) A．调用语句B．命令C．口令D．消息
4．信息隐蔽的概念与下述哪一种概念直接相关？( b )
A．软件结构定义B．模块独立性C．模块类型划分D．模块耦合度 5．下面对对象概念描述错误的是( a )
A．任何对象都必须有继承性B．对象是属性和方法的封装体 C．对象间的通过消息传递D．操作是对象的动态属性 二．填空题
1．结构化程序设计的三种基本逻辑结构为顺序、选择和（ 重复或循环 ）
2．源程序文档化要求程序应加注释。注释一般分为序言性注释和（ 功能性注释 ） 3．在面向对象方法中，信息隐蔽是通过对象的（ 封装 ）性来实现的 4．类是一个支持集成的抽象数据类型，而对象是类的（ 实例 ）
类是指具有共同属性、共同方法的对象的集合。所以类是对象的抽象，对象是对应类的一个实例。
improve, security prevention capacity obviously enhanced, security hidden and security accident obviously reduced, effective guarantees information health development. XX Education Centre regularly carry out day-to-day network security monitoring information and equipment. By the appropriate technical staff, XX network engine room maintenance staff on site management and maintenance on a regular basis, scheduled viewing of networks, systems, databases and associated equipment operating conditions, and make a record. Computer lab maintenance managers regularly run a variety of devices in the school information system parameters, server systems and various data backup, so that there was a hardware failure in a system crash can resume quickly and efficiently. Computer lab maintenance managers establish a network antivirus system, Avira Virus system on a regular basis, and anti-virus software security assessment, time to upgrade. Computer lab maintenance management for all equipment in the room a regular dust, replace the old label. Regularly host servers, network switches, core routing, firewalls, hardware maintenance, such as equipment failure, should be processed in a timely manner in order to ensure safe and reliable operation of the system. In XX city information and equipment was established within the Centre, educational metropolitan area network center machine room XX. Servers and data stores and applications to set up in XX City metropolitan area network center machine room. WindowsServer2003, windowsServer2008, windowsServer2012, Linux, the operating system, the database for SQL Server2008, Office software, such as Microsoft Office software. Schools (units) of computer, information system security products for domestic products, including the use of 360 and kingsoft Internet security software. XX education metropolitan area network used by the server for HP, firewall and information security product for Huaweiand Cisco products. In their daily work, to publicize related knowledge and information security considerations. Enhanced global awareness of network and information security, and strive to achieve network everyone knows security and virus before the guard, to improve network and information security, ensure that the XX education system network and information system security. Tracking reporting system requires all parties to strengthen collaboration, work closely with emergency safety plan developed XX education metropolitan area network, regularly carry out emergency drills, and carried out special funds every year to protect the security of information. Annual 2-3 professional training for network managers in the city, forming technology with a strong professional and technical team, school network managers on common network failures and be capable of solving security issues. Issues that cannot be resolved, timely forms of meetings, such as meetings, analysis, and solutions through a meeting, without rolling up the ability to solve problems, and feedback to superiors in writing departments to resolve. Through self-examination, we are well aware, relative lack of investment in education, facilities and equipment for further updates, education development is still uneven, new education concepts need to be further enhanced to some extent and restricting the development of city education. We will take the opportunity of government supervision, to strive for the province education demonstration counties as a drivng force, further increase input in education, efforts to promote thelong wing, and Li Wanfu, and Michael Jenkins, and Chen Jian, and Song and xiaochuanyun, 7 bit comrade participate in province backbone face-to-face or network learning, do each teaching points are has teachers participate in training, October 17, 2013, issued XX city education information and equipment Center on requirements the teaching points schoolfor good satellite ground station installation prepared of notification, requirements school related management personnel familiar XX province teaching points digital education resources full cover project construction management manual, Particularly with regard to installation preparation parts according to the point of XX province full coverage of digital educational resources in the project construction management manual ... Devices are able to receive TV signals and IP data, the schools have school training and school-based application to use good. Actively organize implementation of a division of a class, a teacher in one class activity. XX in XX city first to complete full registration of teachers working in this city, XX, Sun class rate of 54 per cent respectively, the forefront. In XX, a division of a class, a class a total ranked first in Division activities, was awarded the national ministerial one, 2 provincial second prize, third prize at the provincial level 3. Actively organize implementation of the e-learning space the work of everyone. At present, in the open space of public service platform of provincial educational resources teachers number 2444, 83 to the total number of teachers, student number is 6569 of the open space, the city's total students 18.31 to (junior high school students in 30 ﹪above, students not required), registration number to meet the requirements of teachers and students, in XX in first place. Five, information technology application capability as a means to boost teaching of teachers to use information, Education Bureau of XX title and modern educational technology teacher assessment levels linked to the examination; launched a provincial model school of modern education technology selection, advanced unit in education a year (individual) award. o expedite education informatization work, the city established the school running level of supervision and assessment system. Information education in school performance evaluation, education assessment information work more than to cut weight 10. Practice is a regular room supervision, education information steering, steering, steering with the end, principals of education information into performance assessment and school level monitoring and evaluation, to develop a scientific, operational education information steering assessment methods, tracking management of education information and applications. By March 2016, 100 of the teachers, I participated in a national educational technology training for primary and secondary school teachers, the teachers have made to cut 80 primary and middle school teachers ' educational technology proficiency test certificate. At present, all schools have access to broadband networks. Training classification training of teachers, school teachers, academic leaders, information technology, teacher training and network management personnel from the County, within the school back to school training once training is complete. Through this mode of classification training, information technology application capability training of teachers in our city reached 100. XX series of effective information management systems and measures established by, and a number of pragmatic, combined part-time workforce education information, the protection of the digital campus construction and sustainable development. Six Bureau attaches great importance to information technology security, information technology security, entrust XX City Center for educational information and equipment dedicated to the work. Network security leading group was set up, chaired by the Education Bureau Chief, head, for XX education Metro-network and information security emergency response leadership. Deputy group leader for XX educational metropolitan area network and information security emergency response coordination, command. The team assist leader and deputy leader, responsible for network XX network security and information ... eam. Information security work Conference held each semester, and deployment of information security of documents issued on a regular basis. Information security assessment is included in the annual index. Strictly implement the information security budget to ensure information security of investment. By XX, education information and equipment Centre XX network network security and information security. According to the information technology security requirements, issued a document requires schools (units) implement, defined the information security guidelines, specific work practices, procedures, and requirements. Clear industry information security incidents (accidents) to detect, report and disposal processes. According to self-examination, the school (units) basic established has network security management system; the school (units) according to this units actual, established has units personnel management, information system room management, and equipment management, and media management, and network security construction management, and shipped dimension management, and service outsourcing, management system; developed has computer and the network of network security responsibility held system, signed has network security responsibility; website of information management personnel is responsible for confidential management, password management, on computer enjoys independent right, User name and password of the computer for its proprietary, and release of provisions is prohibited, such as leaks, investigated for responsibility. According to who is in charge of who's in charge, who is running and who is responsible for, who uses principles of who is in charge of management schools (units) defined the roles and responsibilities of information security, assurance responsibilities to schools. XX city schools (units) total site 20, 19 of which were not classified security protection assessment, of which 1 (XX education and resource network) for classified security protection levels, without third-level information systems. otal education information systems 1 (XX education cloud platform), contains features with e-Government, resource library, test database, mail services, such as e-books, all intranet services. No for grade protection grading record and evaluation of school (units), requirements the school (units) according to information security grade protection about policy and standard, organization carried out information security grade protection security management system construction, and technology measures construction and grade evaluation, implementation grade protection system of the requirements, makes information system security management level obviouslyfacility up to 160 million Yuan, according to the standard, high quality planning XX educational metropolitan area network realizes Wan Zhaokuan to schools, hundreds of megabytes of broadband to the table, ' wire ' (ie: Web, video, audio) to the target, electronic whiteboards, multimedia classrooms, remote interactive video teaching system of modern educationalequipment in the classroom. ... With Intel company on XX Education City domain network of topic case design, relies on Cisco company thought Shu aid chuan project staff free provides has three years technology support, from 2009 began, according to high standards, and high of work thought, and manpower planning, and points step implementation, using school earthquake Hou reconstruction of opportunities, again planning elementary and middle schools campus network and education city domain network, and local broadcasting network company cooperation, using broadcast TV network, will physical fiber laying to each school, to minimum of cost achieved has physical fiber school school pass; Each school construction standards of campus network and network access to all rooms; XX education metropolitan area network center machine room equipment in the Ministry of education standardization management platform, the Central Library of audio-visual education resources, set up a Chinese teacher education cloud platform, implemented links the two platforms. At present, the city's primary and middle school students to computer 3198, vitality than 10:1; 809 equipment classes through the classroom (primary and secondary); 36 of the campus network. The establishment of an advanced, practical Gigabit educational metropolitan area network, the city's schools have access to educational metropolitan area network, schools have computer networks, closed-circuit television network, broadcast networks into the classrooms, realize the triple play. Schools share Internet bandwidth, can meet the needs of teaching of the school office and at any time. According to Ministry of education on full started implementation teaching points digital education resources full cover project of notification (taught technical letter (2012) 74th,) and XX Province Department of education on issued XX province teaching points digital education resources full cover project implementation views of notification (chuan taught letter (2013) 18th,) requirements, I city 6 a teaching points implementation teaching points digital education resources full cover project, combined I city specific situation, developed issued has XX City Bureau on teaching points digital resources full cover project of implementation programme, Established XX, full coverage of digital resources in modern distance education teaching project leading group, XX, chaired the Secretary for education. Established, digital resources in modern distance education teaching, XX full coverage project group, XX, Director of the Center for educational information and equipment chaired Zhu Guiyan, responsible for distance education digital resources covering project work. Projects in XX city school digital resources in modern distance education teaching full-coverage project leading group, digital resources in modern distance education teaching, and XX full coverage project group leadership and organization, in accordance with the unified arrangement of the whole province, responsible for university education digital resources covering project management and implementation. According to provinces arrangements, I Center has arrangements Gong*：一个对象由对象名、属性和操作三部分组成。
对象的基本特点：标识惟一性，分类性，多态性，封装性，模块独立性好。
5．在面向对象方法中，类之间共享属性和操作的机制称为（ 继承 ）
第三章 软件工程基础
一. 选择题
1.在软件生命令周期中，能准确地确定软件系统必须做什么和必须具备哪些功能的阶段是（d）
A.概要设计 B.详细设计 C.可行性研究 D.需求分析 2.下面不属于软件工程的3个要素的是（ d ）
A.工具 B.过程 C.方法 D环境
软件工程的主要思想是将工程化原则运用到软件开发过程，它包括3个要素：方法、工具和过程。
3.检查软件产品是否符合需求定义的过程称为（ a）
A.确认测试 B.集成测试 C.验证测试 D.验收测试 4.数据流图用于抽象描述一个软件的逻辑模型，数据流图由一些特定的图符构成。下列图符名标识的图符不属于数据流图合法图符的是( a ) A.控制流 B.加工 C.数据存储 D.源和潭
数据流图以图形的方式描绘数据在系统中流动和处理的过程，它反映了系统必须完成的逻辑功能，是结构化分析方法中用于表示系统逻辑模型的一种工具。
数据流存储文件源、潭 加工上图是数据流图的基本图形元素： 加工（转换）：输入数据经加工变换产生输出。
数据流：沿箭头方向传送数据的通道，一般在旁边标注数据流名。 存储文件（数据源）：表示处理过程中存放各种数据的文件。 源，潭：表示系统和环境的接口，属系统之外的实体。
画数据流图的基本步骤：自外向内，自顶向下，逐层细化，完善求精。 下图是一个数据流图的示例：
improve, security prevention capacity obviously enhanced, security hidden and security accident obviously reduced, effective guarantees information health development. XX Education Centre regularly carry out day-to-day network security monitoring information and equipment. By the appropriate technical staff, XX network engine room maintenance staff on site management and maintenance on a regular basis, scheduled viewing of networks, systems, databases and associated equipment operating conditions, and make a record. Computer lab maintenance managers regularly run a variety of devices in the school information system parameters, server systems and various data backup, so that there was a hardware failure in a system crash can resume quickly and efficiently. Computer lab maintenance managers establish a network antivirus system, Avira Virus system on a regular basis, and anti-virus software security assessment, time to upgrade. Computer lab maintenance management for all equipment in the room a regular dust, replace the old label. Regularly host servers, network switches, core routing, firewalls, hardware maintenance, such as equipment failure, should be processed in a timely manner in order to ensure safe and reliable operation of the system. In XX city information and equipment was established within the Centre, educational metropolitan area network center machine room XX. Servers and data stores and applications to set up in XX City metropolitan area network center machine room. WindowsServer2003, windowsServer2008, windowsServer2012, Linux, the operating system, the database for SQL Server2008, Office software, such as Microsoft Office software. Schools (units) of computer, information system security products for domestic products, including the use of 360 and kingsoft Internet security software. XX education metropolitan area network used by the server for HP, firewall and information security product for Huaweiand Cisco products. In their daily work, to publicize related knowledge and information security considerations. Enhanced global awareness of network and information security, and strive to achieve network everyone knows security and virus before the guard, to improve network and information security, ensure that the XX education system network and information system security. Tracking reporting system requires all parties to strengthen collaboration, work closely with emergency safety plan developed XX education metropolitan area network, regularly carry out emergency drills, and carried out special funds every year to protect the security of information. Annual 2-3 professional training for network managers in the city, forming technology with a strong professional and technical team, school network managers on common network failures and be capable of solving security issues. Issues that cannot be resolved, timely forms of meetings, such as meetings, analysis, and solutions through a meeting, without rolling up the ability to solve problems, and feedback to superiors in writing departments to resolve. Through self-examination, we are well aware, relative lack of investment in education, facilities and equipment for further updates, education development is still uneven, new education concepts need to be further enhanced to some extent and restricting the development of city education. We will take the opportunity of government supervision, to strive for the province education demonstration counties as a driving force, further increase input in education, efforts to promote thelong wing, and Li Wanfu, and Michael Jenkins, and Chen Jian, and Song and xiaochuanyun, 7 bit comrade participate in province backbone face-to-face or network learning, do each teaching points are has teachers participate in training, October 17, 2013, issued XX city education information and equipmnt Center on requirements the teaching points schoolfor good satellite ground station installation prepared of notification, requirements school related management personnel familiar XX province teaching points digital education resources full cover project construction management manual, Particularly with regard to installation preparation parts according to the point of XX province full coverage of digital educational resources in the project construction management manual ... Devices are able to receive TV signals and IP data, the schools have school training and school-based application to use good. Actively organize implementation of a division of a class, a teacher in one class activity. XX in XX city first to complete full registration of teachers working in this city, XX, Sun class rate of 54 per cent respectively, the forefront. In XX, a division of a class, a class a total ranked first in Division activities, was awarded the national ministerial one, 2 provincial second prize, third prize at the provincial level 3. Actively organize implementation of the e-learning space the work of everyone. At present, in the open space of public service platform of provincial educational resources teachers number 2444, 83 to the total number of teachers, student number is 6569 of the open space, the city's total students 18.31 to (junior high school students in 30 ﹪above, students not required), registration number to meet the requirements of teachers and students, in XX in first place. Five, information technology application capability as a means to boost teaching of teachers to use information, Education Bureau of XX title and modern educational technology teacher assessment levels linked to the examination; launched a provincial model school of modern education technology selection, advanced unit in education a year (individual) award. o expedite education informatization work, the city established the school running level of supervision and assessment system. Information education in school performance evaluation, education assessment information work more than to cut weight 10. Practice is a regular room supervision, education information steering, steering, steering with the end, principals of education information into performance assessment and school level monitoring and evaluation, to develop a scientific, operational education information steering assessment methods, tracking management of education information and applications. By March 2016, 100 of the teachers, I participated in a national educational technology training for primary and secondary school teachers, the teachers have made to cut 80 primary and middle school teachers ' educational technology proficiency test certificate. At present, all schools have access to broadband networks. Training classification training of teachers, school teachers, academic leaders, information technology, teacher training and network management personnel from the County, within the school back to school training once training is complete. Through this mode of classification training, information technology application capability training of teachers in our city reached 100. XX series of effective information management systems and measures established by, and a number of pragmatic, combined part-time workforce education information, the protection of the digital campus construction and sustainable development. Six Bureau attaches great importance to information technology security, information technology security, entrust XX City Center for educational information and equipment dedicated to the work. Network security leading group was set up, chaired by the Education Bureau Chief, head, for XX education Metro-network and information security emergency response leadership. Deputy group leader for XX educational metropolitan area network and information security emergency response coordination, command. The team assist leader and deputy leader, responsible for network XX network security and information ... eam. Information security work Conference held each semester, and deployment of information security of documents issued on a regular basis. Information security assessment is included in the annual index. Strictly implement the information security budget to ensure information security of investment. By XX, education information and equipment Centre XX network network security and information security. According to the information technology security requirements, issued a document requires schools (units) implement, defined the information security guidelines, specific work practices, procedures, and requirements. Clear industry information security incidents (accidents) to detect, report and disposal processes. According to self-examination, the school (units) basic established has network security management system; the school (units) according to this units actual, established has units personnel management, information system room management, and equipment management, and media management, and network security construction management, and shipped dimension management, and service outsourcing, management system; developed has computer and the network of network security responsibility held system, signed has network security responsibility; website of information management personnel is responsible for confidential management, password management, on computer enjoys independent right, User name and password of the computer for its proprietary, and release of provisions is prohibited, such as leaks, investigated for responsibility. According to who is in charge of who's in charge, who is running and who is responsible for, who uses principles of who is in charge of management schools (units) defined the roles and responsibilities of information security, assurance responsibilities to schools. XX city schools (units) total site 20, 19 of which were not classified security protection assessment, of which 1 (XX education and resource network) for classified security protection levels, without third-level information systems. otal education information systems 1 (XX education cloud platform), contains features with e-Government, resource library, test database, mail services, such as e-books, all intranet services. No for grade protection grading record and evaluation of school (units), requirements the school (units) according to information security grade protection about policy and standard, organization carried out information security grade protection security management system construction, and technology measures construction and grade evaluation, implementation grade protection system of the requirements, makes information system security management level obviouslyfacility up to 160 million Yuan, according to the standard, high quality planning XX educational metropolitan area network realizes Wan Zhaokuan to schools, hundreds of megabytes of broadband to the table, ' wire ' (ie: Web, video, audio) to the target, electronic whiteboards, multimedia classrooms, remote interactive video teaching system of modern educationalequipment in the classroom. ... With Intel company on XX Education City domain network of topic case design, relies on Cisco company thought Shu aid chuan project staff free provides has three years technology support, from 2009 began, according to high standards, and high of work thought, and manpower planning, and points step implementation, using school earthquake Hou reconstruction of opportunities, again planning elementary and middle schools campus network and education city domain network, and local broadcasting network company cooperation, using broadcast TV network, will physical fiber laying to each school, to minimum of cost achieved has physical fiber school school pass; Each school construction standards of campus network and network access to all rooms; XX education metropolitan area network center machine room equipment in the Ministry of education standardization management platform, the Central Library of audio-visual education resources, set up a Chinese teacher education cloud platform, implemented links the two platforms. At present, the city's primary and middle school students to computer 3198, vitality than 10:1; 809 equipment classes through the classroom (primary and secondary); 36 of the campus network. The establishment of an advanced, practical Gigabit educational metropolitan area network, the city's schools have access to educational metropolitan area network, schools have computer networks, closed-circuit television network, broadcast networks into the classrooms, realize the triple play. Schools share Internet bandwidth, can meet the needs of teaching of the school office and at any time. According to Ministry of education on full started implementation teaching points digital education resources full cover project of notification (taught technical letter (2012) 74th,) and XX Province Department of education on issued XX province teaching points digital education resources full cover project implementation views of notification (chuan taught letter (2013) 18th,) requirements, I city 6 a teaching points implementation teaching points digital education resources full cover project, combined I city specific situation, developed issued has XX City Bureau on teaching points digital resources full cover project of implementation programme, Established XX, full coverage of digital resources in modern distance education teaching project leading group, XX, chaired the Secretary for education. Established, digital resources in modern distance education teaching, XX full coverage project group, XX, Director of the Center for educational information and equipment chaired Zhu Guiyan, responsible for distance education digital resources covering project work. Projects in XX city school digital resources in modern distance education teaching full-coverage project leading group, digital resources in modern distance education teaching, and XX full coverage project group leadership and organization, in accordance with the unified arrangement of the whole province, responsible for university education digital resources covering project management and implementation. According to provinces arrangements, I Center has arrangements Gong数据字典：对所有与系统相关的数据元素的一个有组织的列表，以及精确的、严格的定义，使得用户和系统分析员对于输入、输出、存储成分和中间计算结果有共同的理解。 *：数据字典的作用是对数据流图中出现的被命名的图形元素的确切解释。 *：数据字典是结构化分析方法的核心。 5.下面不属于软件设计原则的是 ( c )
A.抽象 B.模块化 C.自底向上 D.信息隐蔽 6.程序流程图（PFD）中的箭头代表的是（ b ） A.数据流 B.控制流 C.调用关系 D.组成关系 7.下列工具中为需求分析的常用工具的是( d ) A. PAD B. PFD C. N-S D. DFD
8.在结构化方法中,软件功能分解属于下列软件开发中的阶段是( c ) A.详细设计 B.需求分析 C.总体设计 D.编程调试 9.软件调试的目的是( b )
A.发现错误 B.改正错误 C.改善软件的性能 D.挖掘软件的潜能
10.软件需求分析阶段的工作,可以分为四个方面:需求获取，需求分析，编写需求规格说明书，以及（ b ）
A.阶段性报告 B.需求评审 C.总结 D.都不正确
需求分析方法有：1）结构化需求分析方法；2）面向对象的分析方法。
*：需求分析的任务就是导出目标系统的逻辑模型，解决“做什么”的问题。
*：需求分析一般分为需求获取、需求分析、编写需求规格说明书和需求评审四个步骤进行。
二.填空题
1.软件是程序、数据和（ 文档 ）的集合.
2.Jackson方法是一种面向（ 数据流 ）的结构化方法
3.软件工程研究的内容主要包括（ 软件开发 ）技术和软件工程管理 4.数据流图的类型有（ 变换型 ）和事务型
5.软件开发环境是全面支持软件开发全过程的（ 软件工具 ）集合
第四章参考答案
一．选择题1．A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. B 二. 填空题 1) 一对多(或1:N) 2) 逻辑独立性 3) 数据库管理系统 4) 参照完整性 5) 关系
第四章 数据库设计基础
一．选择题
1.在数据管理技术的发展过程中，经历了人工管理阶段、文件系统阶段和数据库系统阶段。其中数据独立性最高的阶段是（ a ）
A.数据库系统 B.文件系统 C.人工管理 D.数据项管理 2.下述关于数据库系统的叙述正确的是( a )
A.数据库系统减少了数据冗余 B.数据库系统避免了一切冗余
C.数据库系统中数据的一致性是指数据类型一致D.数据库系统比文件系统能管理更多的数据
3.数据库系统的核心是( b )
improve, security prevention capacity obviously enhanced, security hidden and security accident obviously reduced, effective guarantees information health development. XX Education Centre regularly carry out day-to-day network security monitoring information and equipment. By the appropriate technical staff, XX network engine room maintenance staff on site management and maintenance on a regular basis, scheduled viewing of networks, systems, databases and associated equipment operating conditions, and make a record. Computer lab maintenance managers regularly run a variety of devices in the school information system parameters, server systems and various data backup, so that there was a hardware failure in a system crash can resume quickly and efficiently. Computer lab maintenance managers establish a network antivirus system, Avira Virus system on a regular basis, and anti-virus software security assessment, time to upgrade. Computer lab maintenance management for all equipment in the room a regular dust, replace the old label. Regularly host servers, network switches, core routing, firewalls, hardware maintenance, such as equipment failure, should be processed in a timely manner in order to ensure safe and reliable operation of the system. In XX city information and equipment was established within the Centre, educational metropolitan area network center machine room XX. Servers and data stores and applications to set up in XX City metropolitan area network center machine room. WindowsServer2003, windowsServer2008, windowsServer2012, Linux, the operating system, the database for SQL Server2008, Office software, such as Microsoft Office software. Schools (units) of computer, information system security products for domestic products, including the use of 360 and kingsoft Internet security software. XX education metropolitan area network used by the server for HP, firewall and information security product for Huaweiand Cisco products. In their daily work, to publicize related knowledge and information security considerations. Enhanced global awareness of network and information security, and strive to achieve network everyone knows security and virus before the guard, to improve network and information security, ensure that the XX education system network and information system security. Tracking reporting system requires all parties to strengthen collaboration, work closely with emergency safety plan developed XX education metropolitan area network, regularly carry out emergency drills, and carried out special funds every year to protect the security of information. Annual 2-3 professional training for network managers in the city, forming technology with a strong professional and technical team, school network managers on common network failures and be capable of solving security issues. Issues that cannot be resolved, timely forms of meetings, such as meetings, analysis, and solutions through a meeting, without rolling up the ability to solve problems, and feedback to superiors in writing departments to resolve. Through self-examination, we are well aware, relative lack of investment in education, facilities and equipment for further updates, education development is still uneven, new education concepts need to be further enhanced to some extent and restricting the development of city education. We will take the opportunity of government supervision, to strive for the province education demonstration counties as a drivng force, further increase input in education, efforts to promote thelong wing, and Li Wanfu, and Michael Jenkins, and Chen Jian, and Song and xiaochuanyun, 7 bit comrade participate in province backbone face-to-face or network learning, do each teaching points are has teachers participate in training, October 17, 2013, issued XX city education information and equipment Center on requirements the teaching points schoolfor good satellite ground station installation prepared of notification, requirements school related management personnel familiar XX province teaching points digital education resources full cover project construction management manual, Particularly with regard to installation preparation parts according to the point of XX province full coverage of digital educational resources in the project construction management manual ... Devices are able to receive TV signals and IP data, the schools have school training and school-based application to use good. Actively organize implementation of a division of a class, a teacher in one class activity. XX in XX city first to complete full registration of teachers working in this city, XX, Sun class rate of 54 per cent respectively, the forefront. In XX, a division of a class, a class a total ranked first in Division activities, was awarded the national ministerial one, 2 provincial second prize, third prize at the provincial level 3. Actively organize implementation of the e-learning space the work of everyone. At present, in the open space of public service platform of provincial educational resources teachers number 2444, 83 to the total number of teachers, student number is 6569 of the open space, the city's total students 18.31 to (junior high school students in 30 ﹪above, students not required), registration number to meet the requirements of teachers and students, in XX in first place. Five, information technology application capability as a means to boost teaching of teachers to use information, Education Bureau of XX title and modern educational technology teacher assessment levels linked to the examination; launched a provincial model school of modern education technology selection, advanced unit in education a year (individual) award. o expedite education informatization work, the city established the school running level of supervision and assessment system. Information education in school performance evaluation, education assessment information work more than to cut weight 10. Practice is a regular room supervision, education information steering, steering, steering with the end, principals of education information into performance assessment and school level monitoring and evaluation, to develop a scientific, operational education information steering assessment methods, tracking management of education information and applications. By March 2016, 100 of the teachers, I participated in a national educational technology training for primary and secondary school teachers, the teachers have made to cut 80 primary and middle school teachers ' educational technology proficiency test certificate. At present, all schools have access to broadband networks. Training classification training of teachers, school teachers, academic leaders, information technology, teacher training and network management personnel from the County, within the school back to school training once training is complete. Through this mode of classification training, information technology application capability training of teachers in our city reached 100. XX series of effective information management systems and measures established by, and a number of pragmatic, combined part-time workforce education information, the protection of the digital campus construction and sustainable development. Six Bureau attaches great importance to information technology security, information technology security, entrust XX City Center for educational information and equipment dedicated to the work. Network security leading group was set up, chaired by the Education Bureau Chief, head, for XX education Metro-network and information security emergency response leadership. Deputy group leader for XX educational metropolitan area network and information security emergency response coordination, command. The team assist leader and deputy leader, responsible for network XX network security and information ... eam. Information security work Conference held each semester, and deployment of information security of documents issued on a regular basis. Information security assessment is included in the annual index. Strictly implement the information security budget to ensure information security of investment. By XX, education information and equipment Centre XX network network security and information security. According to the information technology security requirements, issued a document requires schools (units) implement, defined the information security guidelines, specific work practices, procedures, and requirements. Clear industry information security incidents (accidents) to detect, report and disposal processes. According to self-examination, the school (units) basic established has network security management system; the school (units) according to this units actual, established has units personnel management, information system room management, and equipment management, and media management, and network security construction management, and shipped dimension management, and service outsourcing, management system; developed has computer and the network of network security responsibility held system, signed has network security responsibility; website of information management personnel is responsible for confidential management, password management, on computer enjoys independent right, User name and password of the computer for its proprietary, and release of provisions is prohibited, such as leaks, investigated for responsibility. According to who is in charge of who's in charge, who is running and who is responsible for, who uses principles of who is in charge of management schools (units) defined the roles and responsibilities of information security, assurance responsibilities to schools. XX city schools (units) total site 20, 19 of which were not classified security protection assessment, of which 1 (XX education and resource network) for classified security protection levels, without third-level information systems. otal education information systems 1 (XX education cloud platform), contains features with e-Government, resource library, test database, mail services, such as e-books, all intranet services. No for grade protection grading record and evaluation of school (units), requirements the school (units) according to information security grade protection about policy and standard, organization carried out information security grade protection security management system construction, and technology measures construction and grade evaluation, implementation grade protection system of the requirements, makes information system security management level obviouslyfacility up to 160 million Yuan, according to the standard, high quality planning XX educational metropolitan area network realizes Wan Zhaokuan to schools, hundreds of megabytes of broadband to the table, ' wire ' (ie: Web, video, audio) to the target, electronic whiteboards, multimedia classrooms, remote interactive video teaching system of modern educationalequipment in the classroom. ... With Intel company on XX Education City domain network of topic case design, relies on Cisco company thought Shu aid chuan project staff free provides has three years technology support, from 2009 began, according to high standards, and high of work thought, and manpower planning, and points step implementation, using school earthquake Hou reconstruction of opportunities, again planning elementary and middle schools campus network and education city domain network, and local broadcasting network company cooperation, using broadcast TV network, will physical fiber laying to each school, to minimum of cost achieved has physical fiber school school pass; Each school construction standards of campus network and network access to all rooms; XX education metropolitan area network center machine room equipment in the Ministry of education standardization management platform, the Central Library of audio-visual education resources, set up a Chinese teacher education cloud platform, implemented links the two platforms. At present, the city's primary and middle school students to computer 3198, vitality than 10:1; 809 equipment classes through the classroom (primary and secondary); 36 of the campus network. The establishment of an advanced, practical Gigabit educational metropolitan area network, the city's schools have access to educational metropolitan area network, schools have computer networks, closed-circuit television network, broadcast networks into the classrooms, realize the triple play. Schools share Internet bandwidth, can meet the needs of teaching of the school office and at any time. According to Ministry of education on full started implementation teaching points digital education resources full cover project of notification (taught technical letter (2012) 74th,) and XX Province Department of education on issued XX province teaching points digital education resources full cover project implementation views of notification (chuan taught letter (2013) 18th,) requirements, I city 6 a teaching points implementation teaching points digital education resources full cover project, combined I city specific situation, developed issued has XX City Bureau on teaching points digital resources full cover project of implementation programme, Established XX, full coverage of digital resources in modern distance education teaching project leading group, XX, chaired the Secretary for education. Established, digital resources in modern distance education teaching, XX full coverage project group, XX, Director of the Center for educational information and equipment chaired Zhu Guiyan, responsible for distance education digital resources covering project work. Projects in XX city school digital resources in modern distance education teaching full-coverage project leading group, digital resources in modern distance education teaching, and XX full coverage project group leadership and organization, in accordance with the unified arrangement of the whole province, responsible for university education digital resources covering project management and implementation. According to provinces arrangements, I Center has arrangements GongA. 数据库 B.数据库管理系统 C.数据模型 D.软件工具 4.用树形结构来表示实体之间联系的模型称为( b ) A.关系模型 B.层次模型 C.网状模型 D.数据模型 5.关系表中的每一横行称为一个( a ) A.元组 B.字段 C.属性 D.码
6.按条件f对关系R进行选择,其关系代数表达式是( c ) A. R|×|R B. R|×|R C. σf(R) D. πf（R）f 7．关系数据管理系统能实现的专门关系运包括( b )
A.排序、索引、统计 B.选择、投影、连接 C.关联、更新、排序 D.显示、打印、制表 8．在关系数据库中，用来表示实体之间联系的是（ d ） A.树结构 B.网结构 C.线性表 D.二维表
9．数据库设计包括两个方面的设计内容，它们是（ a ） A.概念设计和逻辑设计 B.模式设计和内模式设计 C.内模式设计和物理设计 D.结构特性设计和行为特性设计
10 将E-R图转换到关系模式时，实体与联系都可以表示成（ b ） A.属性 B.关系 C.键 D.域 二．填空题
1.一个项目具有一个项目主管，一个项目主管可管理多个项目,则实体”项目主管”与实体”项目”的联系属于( 一对多(或1:N) )的联系.
2.数据独立性分为逻辑独立性和物理独立性.当数据的存储结构改变时，其逻辑结构可以不变。因此,基于逻辑结构的应用程序不必修改，称为( 逻辑独立性 ) 3.数据库系统中实现各种数据管理功能的核心软件称为( 数据库管理系统 ) 4.关系模型的完整性规则是对关系的某种约束条件,包括实体完整性、( 参照完整性 )和自定义完整性. 关系中的数据约束：
1）实体完整性约束：要求关系的主键中属性值不能为空值，因为主键是唯一决定元组的，如为空值则其唯一性就成为不可能的了。
2）参照完整性约束：关系之间相互关联的基本约束，不允许关系引用不存在的元组，即在关系中的外键要么是所关联关系中实际存在的元组，要么为空值。
3）用户定义的完整性约束：反映某一具体应用所涉及的数据必须满足的语义要求。例如某个属性的取值范围在0—100之间
5.在关系模型中，把数据看成一个二维表，每一个二维表称为一个（ 关系 ）
习题参考答案
第一章参考答案
一．选择题1．C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. A 二. 填空题 1) log2n 2) 350 3) DEBFCA 4) N(N-1)/2 5) 3
第二章参考答案
一．选择题1．B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A
二．填空题 1) 重复（或循环） 2) 功能性 3) 封装 4) 实例 5) 继承
第三章参考答案
improve, security prevention capacity obviously enhanced, security hidden and security accident obviously reduced, effective guarantees information health development. XX Education Centre regularly carry out day-to-day network security monitoring information and equipment. By the appropriate technical staff, XX network engine room maintenance staff on site management and maintenance on a regular basis, scheduled viewing of networks, systems, databases and associated equipment operating conditions, and make a record. Computer lab maintenance managers regularly run a variety of devices in the school information system parameters, server systems and various data backup, so that there was a hardware failure in a system crash can resume quickly and efficiently. Computer lab maintenance managers establish a network antivirus system, Avira Virus system on a regular basis, and anti-virus software security assessment, time to upgrade. Computer lab maintenance management for all equipment in the room a regular dust, replace the old label. Regularly host servers, network switches, core routing, firewalls, hardware maintenance, such as equipment failure, should be processed in a timely manner in order to ensure safe and reliable operation of the system. In XX city information and equipment was established within the Centre, educational metropolitan area network center machine room XX. Servers and data stores and applications to set up in XX City metropolitan area network center machine room. WindowsServer2003, windowsServer2008, windowsServer2012, Linux, the operating system, the database for SQL Server2008, Office software, such as Microsoft Office software. Schools (units) of computer, information system security products for domestic products, including the use of 360 and kingsoft Internet security software. XX education metropolitan area network used by the server for HP, firewall and information security product for Huaweiand Cisco products. In their daily work, to publicize related knowledge and information security considerations. Enhanced global awareness of network and information security, and strive to achieve network everyone knows security and virus before the guard, to improve network and information security, ensure that the XX education system network and information system security. Tracking reporting system requires all parties to strengthen collaboration, work closely with emergency safety plan developed XX education metropolitan area network, regularly carry out emergency drills, and carried out special funds every year to protect the security of information. Annual 2-3 professional training for network managers in the city, forming technology with a strong professional and technical team, school network managers on common network failures and be capable of solving security issues. Issues that cannot be resolved, timely forms of meetings, such as meetings, analysis, and solutions through a meeting, without rolling up the ability to solve problems, and feedback to superiors in writing departments to resolve. Through self-examination, we are well aware, relative lack of investment in education, facilities and equipment for further updates, education development is still uneven, new education concepts need to be further enhanced to some extent and restricting the development of city education. We will take the opportunity of government supervision, to strive for the province education demonstration counties as a driving force, further increase input in education, efforts to promote thelong wing, and Li Wanfu, and Michael Jenkins, and Chen Jian, and Song and xiaochuanyun, 7 bit comrade participate in province backbone face-to-face or network learning, do each teaching points are has teachers participate in training, October 17, 2013, issued XX city education information and equipmnt Center on requirements the teaching points schoolfor good satellite ground station installation prepared of notification, requirements school related management personnel familiar XX province teaching points digital education resources full cover project construction management manual, Particularly with regard to installation preparation parts according to the point of XX province full coverage of digital educational resources in the project construction management manual ... Devices are able to receive TV signals and IP data, the schools have school training and school-based application to use good. Actively organize implementation of a division of a class, a teacher in one class activity. XX in XX city first to complete full registration of teachers working in this city, XX, Sun class rate of 54 per cent respectively, the forefront. In XX, a division of a class, a class a total ranked first in Division activities, was awarded the national ministerial one, 2 provincial second prize, third prize at the provincial level 3. Actively organize implementation of the e-learning space the work of everyone. At present, in the open space of public service platform of provincial educational resources teachers number 2444, 83 to the total number of teachers, student number is 6569 of the open space, the city's total students 18.31 to (junior high school students in 30 ﹪above, students not required), registration number to meet the requirements of teachers and students, in XX in first place. Five, information technology application capability as a means to boost teaching of teachers to use information, Education Bureau of XX title and modern educational technology teacher assessment levels linked to the examination; launched a provincial model school of modern education technology selection, advanced unit in education a year (individual) award. o expedite education informatization work, the city established the school running level of supervision and assessment system. Information education in school performance evaluation, education assessment information work more than to cut weight 10. Practice is a regular room supervision, education information steering, steering, steering with the end, principals of education information into performance assessment and school level monitoring and evaluation, to develop a scientific, operational education information steering assessment methods, tracking management of education information and applications. By March 2016, 100 of the teachers, I participated in a national educational technology training for primary and secondary school teachers, the teachers have made to cut 80 primary and middle school teachers ' educational technology proficiency test certificate. At present, all schools have access to broadband networks. Training classification training of teachers, school teachers, academic leaders, information technology, teacher training nd network management personnel from the County, within the school back to school training once training is complete. Through this mode of classification training, information technology application capability training of teachers in our city reached 100. XX series of effective information
(完整版)全国计算机等级考试二级公共基础最新题库
