1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
terminator sub-central tree; central mesh
routing path 路由选择通路 dual-ring topology 双环形拓扑结构 extended star topology 扩展星形拓扑结构 backbone network 基干网，骨干网 mesh topology 网格拓扑结构 同轴电缆 coaxial cable 逻辑拓扑结构 logical topology
无冲突连网环境 collision-free networking environment 树形拓扑结构 tree topology
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
10. 目的地节点 destination node
Unit Seven/Section C
I.
Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
repeater data-link gateway router
destination address 目的地址
performance degradation 性能退化（或降级） four-interface bridge 4接口网桥 common bus 公共总线，公用总线 数据链路层 data-link layer 协议转换器 protocol converter
开放式系统互连 OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) 物理地址 physical address
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
Unit Eight: The Internet Unit Eight/Section A
I.
Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
research
ICANN或the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers router; gateway
temporary/dial-up; permanent/dedicated ISP或Internet service provider
6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
network; host decimal mnemonic
cell phone 蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机 IP address 网际协议地址，IP地址 autonomous system 自主系统 dial-up connection 拨号连接 network identifier 网络标识符 binary notation 二进制记数法 mnemonic name 助记名，缩写名
Internet-wide directory system 因特网范围的目录系统 name server 名称服务器
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
10. Internet infrastructure 因特网基础结构 11. 助记地址 mnemonic address 12. 网吧 cyber cafe
13. 宽带因特网访问 broadband Internet access 14. 顶级域名 top-level domain (TLD) 15. 因特网编址 Internet addressing
16. 点分十进制记数法 dotted decimal notation 17. 因特网服务提供商 Internet service provider (ISP) 18. 专用因特网连接 dedicated Internet connection 19. 主机地址 host address
20. 硬件与软件支持 hardware and software support
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:
Early computer networks used leased telephone company lines for their connections. Telephone company systems of that time established a single connection between sender and receiver for each telephone call, and that connection carried all data along a single path. When a company wanted to connect computers it owned at two different locations, the company placed a telephone call to establish the connection, and then connected one computer to each end of that single connection.
The U.S. Defense Department was concerned about the inherent risk of this single-channel method for connecting computers, and its researchers developed a different method of sending information through multiple channels. In this method, files and messages are broken into packets that are labeled electronically with codes for their origins, sequences, and destinations. In 1969, Defense Department researchers in the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) used this network model to connect four computers into a network called the ARPANET. The ARPANET was the earliest of the networks that eventually combined to become what we now call the Internet. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, many researchers in the academic community connected to the ARPANET and contributed to the technological developments that increased its speed and efficiency. IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
因特网只是提供了将许许多多的计算机连接在一起的物理与逻辑基础结构。不少人认为，是万维网（WWW或简称the Web）为这个全球网络提供了“制胜法宝”。万维网被视为因特网的内容，它通过使用管理与链接文本、图形、声音和视频的一套丰富工具来提供各种信息。在万维网上提供和查看信息，是使用服务器应用程序和客户应用程序完成的。
如果你已经探索过万维网，你就会看出客户端应用程序就是万维网浏览器。万维网浏览器接收、解释和显示来自万维网的网页信息。用户可以在网页之内浏览，可以通过点击超文本链接跳到其他网页，也可以指向万维网上的几乎任何网页。
Unit Eight/Section B
I.
Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. 2. 3. 4.
application; transport; network; link transport different
link; network或network; link
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
incoming message 来报，到来的报文 application layer 应用层 utility software 实用软件
sequence number （顺）序号，序列号 remote login capabilities 远程登录能力 端口号 port number 软件例程 software routine 传输层 transport layer
文件传送协议 FTP（File Transfer Protocol）
10. 万维网浏览器 Web browser
Unit Eight/Section C
I.
Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
hyperlinks home tags
keywords; operators wildcard character 通配符 Copy command 复制命令 search operator 搜索算符 home page 主页 回车键 Enter key 搜索引擎 search engine 嵌入代码 embedded code
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
8. 超文本标记语言 Hypertext Markup Language
Unit Nine: Mobile and Cloud Computing Unit Nine/Section A
I.
Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
cluster; utility Internet intranet hybrid private; public multi-core; disk desktops physical
server farm 大型机服务器
access protocol 存取协议，访问协议 storage area network 存储区域网（络） high-throughput computing 高吞吐（量）计算 server cluster 服务器集群 public cloud 公共云 grid computing 网格计算
security-aware cloud architecture 具有安全意识的云体系结构 social networking 社交网络
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
10. utility computing 效用计算
11. 云计算提供商 cloud computing provider 12. 存储芯片 memory chip
13. 基于内部网的私有云 intranet-based private cloud 14. 网络带宽 network bandwidth 15. 混合云 hybrid cloud 16. 磁盘阵列 disk array
17. 软件即服务 Software as a Service (SaaS) 18. 集群计算 cluster computing
19. 虚拟化计算机资源 virtualized computer resources 20. 多核处理器 multi-core processor
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:
The architecture of a cloud is developed at three layers: infrastructure, platform, and application. The infrastructure layer is deployed first to support IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) services. This layer serves as the foundation for building the platform layer of the cloud for supporting PaaS (Platform as a Service) services. In turn, the platform layer is a foundation for implementing the application layer for SaaS applications.
The infrastructure layer is built with virtualized compute, storage, and network resources. The abstraction of these hardware resources is meant to provide the flexibility demanded by users. Internally, virtualization realizes automated provisioning of resources and optimizes the infrastructure management process. The platform layer is for general-purpose and repeated usage of the collection of software resources. This layer provides users with an environment to develop their applications, to test operation flows, and to monitor execution results and performance. In a way, the virtualized cloud platform serves as a “system middleware (中间件)” between the infrastructure and application layers of the cloud. The application layer is formed with a collection of all needed software modules for SaaS applications. Service applications in this layer include daily office management work. The application layer is also heavily used by enterprises in business marketing and sales, consumer relationship management, financial transactions, and supply chain management. IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
云计算动态供应硬件、软件和数据集，以此方式按需应用一个拥有弹性资源的虚拟化平台。其目的是通过在数据中心使用服务器集群和巨型数据库而将桌面计算转移到一个面向服务的平台。云计算充分利用其低成本与简单的特性既惠及用户也惠及提供商。机器虚拟化使这样的成本效益成为可能。云计算意在同时满足许多用户应用程序的需要。云生态系统必须设计得具有安全性、可信性和可靠性。有些计算机用户将云视为一个集中式资源池，而另外一些计算机用户则认为云是一个在所用的各个服务器上实行分布式计算的服务器集群。
传统上，一个分布式计算系统往往由一个自主管理域（如一个研究实验室或公司）为内部计算需要而拥有和使用。然而，这些传统系统遭遇数个性能瓶颈：系统维护需要不断进行；利用率差；与硬件／软件升级有关的费用日益增长。作为一种按需计算范式，云计算可解决这些问题或可使我们摆脱这些问题。
Unit Nine/Section B
I.
Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
enabling tablet; smart sensing; clouds autonomous
computer vision 计算机视觉 ubiquitous computing 普适计算 command line 命令行
data logging system 数据记录（或登录）系统 augmented reality 增强现实 移动网络 mobile network 平板电脑 tablet computer 物联网 Internet of Things 智能电网 smart power grid
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
10. 传感器融合 sensor fusion
《计算机英语第》课后练习答案
