目 录
目 录
摘 要 ............................................................... I Abstract .......................................................... III 第1章
1.1 1.2
绪 论 .................................................... 5 引言 ........................................................................................................... 5 桥梁橡胶支座病害及分析 ....................................................................... 6 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.3
桥梁橡胶支座的使用及病害 ..................................................... 6 橡胶支座病害产生因素 ............................................................. 7
顶升技术介绍 ........................................................................................... 8 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4
桥梁顶升系统 ............................................................................. 8 桥梁顶升工法介绍 ..................................................................... 8 桥梁顶升过程概述 ................................................................... 10 轨道桥梁梁体顶升中存在的问题 ........................................... 10
1.4 国内外对桥梁顶升技术研究与使用 ..................................................... 10 1.4.1 1.4.2
国外的研究与使用 ................................................................... 10 国内的研究与使用 ................................................................... 11
1.5 1.6 第2章
2.1 2.2
课题研究目的和意义 ............................................................................. 12 主要研究内容 ......................................................................................... 12 轨道桥梁梁体顶升技术的研究 .............................. 13 工程概况 ................................................................................................. 13 桥梁顶升对梁体及轨道的影响 ............................................................. 16 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3
顶升对轨道的影响分析 ........................................................... 16 顶升对梁体的影响分析 ........................................................... 16 轨道桥梁顶升的控制因素 ....................................................... 17
2.3 梁体顶升对梁上钢轨的影响 ................................................................. 17 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4
钢轨温度力的计算 ................................................................... 17 解除约束后的钢轨温度力 ....................................................... 18 顶升期间钢轨的弯曲应力 ....................................................... 19 顶升对梁上钢轨的影响汇总 ................................................... 19
2.4 顶升对梁体的影响计算 ......................................................................... 20 2.4.1
建立梁体模型 ........................................................................... 20
I
目 录
2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 2.5 第3章
3.1 3.2 3.3
梁体荷载及限制条件 ............................................................... 21 模拟计算 ................................................................................... 21 两种顶升方案的梁单元应力图 ............................................... 22 计算结果分析 ........................................................................... 29
本章小节 ................................................................................................. 29 对顶升施工、防护及监测等方面的研究 ...................... 30 顶升及落梁步序 ..................................................................................... 30 顶升系统的设计 ..................................................................................... 30 桥面轨道防护 ......................................................................................... 32 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4
轨道预防性措施 ....................................................................... 32 轨道施工要点 ........................................................................... 32 桥面设施调整方案 ................................................................... 33 接触轨调整方案 ....................................................................... 33
3.4 3.5
应急处理措施: ..................................................................................... 33 施工监测 ................................................................................................. 35 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.5.4
梁体监测 ................................................................................... 35 轨道监测 ................................................................................... 35 接触轨、感应板监测 ............................................................... 36 顶升时间安排。 ....................................................................... 36
3.6 支座病害处理施工要点 ......................................................................... 37 3.6.1 3.6.2 3.6.3
支座拆除 ................................................................................... 37 既有支座钢板调平及涂粘结胶 ............................................... 38 支座安装 ................................................................................... 38
3.7 顶升施工要点 ......................................................................................... 38 3.7.1 3.7.2
顶升与落梁 ............................................................................... 38 顶升控制 ................................................................................... 39
3.8 3.9 3.10 第4章
4.1 4.2
施工组织 ................................................................................................. 39 现场施工 ................................................................................................. 41 本章小结 ................................................................................................. 46 结论 .................................................... 47 主要结论 ................................................................................................. 47 展望 ......................................................................................................... 47
II
目 录
参 考 文 献 ........................................................ 48 致 谢 ............................................... 错误!未定义书签。
摘 要
目前,随着北京轨道运营线路规模迅速扩大,各部件使用时间的增长,轨道线路运营与维护的工作量大大增加。现有桥梁支座大量存在各种形式的病害,支座产生的病害会对桥梁结构及轨道交通运营安全产生隐患。目前绝大部分出现的支座病害均可通过维修解决。支座病害处理过程中,一般需顶升病害支座位置上部梁板,为支座病害处理提供施工空间。目前桥梁顶升技术多用在公路桥梁的维护上。在地铁桥梁中,由于铁路轨道对施工精度及施工时间的要求比公路桥梁高,以往使用在公路桥梁的梁体顶升方式在精度和同步能力上无法达到轨道桥梁的相关要求。因此,拟通过计算对顶升梁体的方式进行优化,同时参考现有的轨道桥梁防护方案,最终达到在满足轨道桥梁施工精度要求下,通过梁体顶升方式处理支座病害的目的。并通过优化去探索一种对结构影响小、施工统筹简单、施工成本较低的顶升方式。
本文以北京地铁某3跨连续梁桥病害支座处理为例,结合设计和施工全过程,对计算机控制同步顶升桥梁在地铁轨道项目中的应用进行介绍,通过对梁体及桥梁上部设施进行有限元计算确定顶升方案,施工过程中通过对顶升过程中梁体实时监测对施工全过程进行控制,以达到控制风险,提高施工效率,满足轨道交通桥梁对精度和施工时间的需求,最终确保轨道交通的正常,安全运营。
通过该课题的研究,能对地铁轨道桥梁支座病害处理过程中顶升技术的应用起到一定的推动作用,为我国轨道桥梁养护工作做出贡献。
关键词:支座;桥梁顶升;防护;监测;
Abstract
At present, with the rapid expansion of the scale of Beijing rail operation lines and the increase of the service time of various components, the workload of operation and maintenance of rail lines has greatly increased. There are many kinds of defects in the existing bridge bearings, which will cause hidden dangers to the bridge structure and rail transit operation safety. At present, most of the bearing diseases can be solved by
III
目 录
maintenance. During the treatment of bearing diseases, it is generally necessary to jack up the upper beam and slab of the damaged bearing to provide construction space for the treatment of bearing diseases. At present, the jacking technology of bridge girder is mostly used in the maintenance of highway bridges. In the subway bridge, because the requirements of railway track for construction accuracy and construction time are higher than that of highway bridge, the beam jacking method used in highway bridge in the past cannot meet the relevant requirements of railway bridge in accuracy and synchronization ability. Therefore, it is proposed to optimize the way of lifting the beam through calculation, combined with the relevant protective measures of the track bridge, and finally achieve the purpose of treating the bearing diseases through the way of lifting the beam under the requirements of the construction accuracy of the track bridge. By optimizing the internal force to explore a small impact on the structure, the construction of a simple overall planning, low construction cost jacking way.
This paper introduces the application of computer-controlled synchronous jacking bridge in metro track project by taking the replacement of the support of a 3-span continuous beam bridge in Beijing subway as an example, and the finite element calculation of the beam body and the upper facilities of the bridge is carried out. After the jacking scheme is determined, the whole construction process is controlled by the real-time monitoring of the beam body during the jacking process To control risks, improve construction efficiency, meet the requirements of rail transit bridges for accuracy and construction time, and finally ensure the normal and safe operation of rail transit.
Through the research of this paper, it can play a certain role in promoting the application of jacking technology in the process of subway track bridge bearing disease treatment, and contribute to the track bridge maintenance work in China. Keywords: Bearing diseases; beam jacking; real-time monitoring; protection;
IV
第1章 绪 论
1.1 引言
自上世纪90年代至今,我国城市公交系统在运营车辆数量和运营线路长度上均出现了大幅增长的态势。随着公交运营车辆的增加,公交运营速度也一直在下降,下降的运营速度抵消了新增运力的运行效率。从中被分流出的乘客将被迫寻找其他的出行方式[1]。轨道交通具有运送量大,运行效率高,安全准时,低成本,低能耗,方便快捷,并有效解决地面交通拥堵问题并有利于环境保护等优点,常被称为“绿色交通”[2]。目前,城郊铁路单程高峰时段的运输能力可达6万至8万次每小时;城内地铁也已经达到3万至6万人次每小时[3]。截至2017年底,已有34个城市建成轨道交通设施并投入运营,总线路长度约为5021.7公里[4]。
伴随着轨道交通规模的扩大,各部件使用时间的增长,轨道线路运营与维护的工作量大大增加[5]。目前北京地铁运营线路中桥梁部分总里程已达到近120公里,现有桥梁结构养护的工作量越来越大。相关单位调查发现,现有桥梁存在的病害中桥梁支座产生的病害从数量及严重程度上均比较突出,严重影响桥梁自身结构安全,进而影响桥上轨道交通运营效率[6]。多数支座病害均可通过对支座进行维修的方式解决。维修支座过程中,通常需要对支座处桥梁梁体进行顶升,为更换或维修支座提供足够的操作空间,之后对病害支座进行修理。
目前,地铁已经成为北京市居民的主要出行方式之一,地铁运营情况与居民作息生活息息相关,以至于无法通过中断地铁运营的方式为地铁桥梁的维护争取施工时间。因此,北京地铁桥梁维护施工一般仅能在晚间停运期间进行。同时因为地铁桥梁上有轨道、通信、电力、信号等其他专业的设施设备,施工过程中需考虑梁体出现的位移对桥上轨道及各类设施产生的影响。施工完成后还需考虑对桥上在施工前拆除的各类设施设备进行恢复,而且施工全过程不得影响轨道交通的正常运营。因此,采用适用于公路桥梁的桥梁顶升方法将难以满足地铁轨道桥梁维护过程中对施工时限及施工精度的要求。
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