高中英语 Module1 Europe 第4课时学案 外
研版必修3
1、一般现在时和现在进行时的用法及区别 2、 以ed和ing结尾的形容词的用法
3、 利用例句归纳出语法规则学习重点:一般现在时和现在进行时的区分及在语句中的运用学习难点:利用例句归纳出语法规则课前预习使用说明与学法指导:
1、利用例句归纳出语法规则
2、15分钟之内完成预习自测:用所给词的适当形式填空(1)I wonder whether the soldier is one of those who abroad to keep peace、(send)(2)Quantities of precious jewelry buried deep in the earth、(find)(3)A poet and artist to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon、(come)(4)Students taking the course to finish their homework with the help of computers、(encourage)(5)A book recording former Chinese President Jiang Zemin’s overseas visits from1990 to2002 at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guesthouse、(release)我的疑问:
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________________________课内探究质疑探究:动词的被动语态语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式,它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。被动语态(Passive Voice)表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。其句子的谓语动词是:be + v-ed形式。由于语态是动词的一种形式,它只表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系,它没有表示动作发生的时间和方式,因此,被动语态形式的句子,仍然有各种时态变化。由于构成被动语态的行为动词变成了动词-ed形式,所以,被动语态句子的时态都要体现在助动词be上。
1、被动语态的构成1)
一般现在时 am/is/are + v-ed You are wanted on the telephone、 有人给你打电话。2)
一般过去时 was/were + v-ed The book was finished last week、 这书是上周写完的。3)
一般将来时 will be + v-ed You’ll be allowed to go out tomorrow、 明天让你出去。4)
现在进行时和过去进行时 ①The building is being built、 这幢楼正在建设之中。②The bikes were being repaired、 那时正在修自行车。5)
现在完成时和过去完成时①This book has been translated into English、 这本书已被译成英语。②The car had been repaired、 这时汽车已修完了。
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2、 被动语态的用法1)
我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁(这时都不带由by引起的短语)。T he book is written for teachers、 这种书是为教师写的。2)
动作的承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带由by引起的短语)。T he shop is run by a young man、 这家商店是由一个年轻人经营的。3)
出于礼貌措辞等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。I t is generally considered not advisable to smoke here、 一般认为在这儿吸烟是不妥当的。4)
被动结构能使句子得到更好的安排。L iu Dehua appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience、 刘德华在台上出现,观众给予了热烈的掌声。
3、 学习、使用被动语态应注意下面几点:1)
短语动词的被动语态,要保持短语动词的完整性,动词后面的介词或副词切记不可遗漏。These books must be taken good care of、 这些书必须好好保管。The children were well looked after、 孩子们受到了良好的护理。2)
带双宾语的动词的被动语态:(give, send, take, bring, teach, tell, offer, sing, buy, promise, make, write, ask, lend, show, pay等)将其中一个宾语变成主语,另一个宾语作为保留宾语,或变为介词宾语,作状语。我们给他一些图画书。We
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gave him some picture-books、→He was given some picture-books、→Some picture-books were given to him、3)
情态动词的被动语态。 (情态动词+be+v-ed)
原子是可分的。W e can divide an atom、 →An atom can be divided、4)
有些动词主动语态形式表示被动语态如:sell, wash, draw, keep, prove, clean, run, wear, cook, read, smoke, cut, burn等。The book sells well、 这本书畅销。Silk wears well、 丝耐穿。This cloth washes well、 这种布料耐洗。主谓一致“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致,即主语是复数,谓语也用复数形式,如are, were, have等,主语是单数,谓语要用单数形式,如:is, was, has, works等。
1、由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,一个人的双重身份或匹配出现的事物时谓语动词为单数,由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词用复数。T he worker and writer is from Beijing、 (那个工人兼作家…)
The worker and the writer are from Beijing、 (那位工人和那位作家)Both Cathy and her daughter Linda have gone fishing in Canada、Bread and butter is a daily food in
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the West、常见的由and连接的指一个概念的有:the needle and thread 针线salt and water盐和水the folk and knife 刀叉 iron and steel 钢铁time and tide 岁月
2、 every one of, one of, each of, either of, neither of +复数名词作主语,谓语用单数。E ach of the students has a book、 Each of the girls likes dancing、 One of them has been abroad、 Neither of the two boys is good at English、“one of+复数名词+定语从句”结构如果one前面没有限定词,这个句型中的“复数名词”是先行词,定语从句的谓语动词用复数;如果one前面有the only, the first, the last, the right等限定词修饰,则one是先行词,定语从句的谓语动词用单数。John is the only one of the students who has the keys、John is one of the students who have the keys、3、 more than one, many a + 单数名词作主语,意义上是复数,谓语动词常用单数。(形单意复)More than one student has tried、Many a student and teacher is watching the football match、Many a man has died in the war、4、 each/every/no/many a + 单数名词 and each/every/no/many a + 单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
1、Each book and each paper is found in its place、 2、 Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education、
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高中英语 Module1 Europe 第4课时学案 外研版必修3
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